For those who are just beginning to take the first steps in electronics, it is important to start somewhere. Well, we suggest you get acquainted with ideas that may be useful in the future and at the same time give an idea of how something should be done. What to choose if there is a desire to make simple electronic self-made crafts ? Here are the options that can be used in everyday life.
Simple power control for smoothly switching on lamps
This type of device has found wide application. The simplest is an ordinary diode, which is connected in series with the load. Such regulation can be used to extend the life of the incandescent lamp, as well as to prevent overheating of the soldering iron. They can also be used to vary power over a wide range of values. First there will be the most simple electronic self-made crafts. Schemes you can see here.
How to protect yourself from fluctuations in mains voltage
This device disconnects the load if the mains voltage is out of range. As a rule, within the normal range, a deviation of up to 10% of the normative is considered. But in connection with the peculiarities of the energy supply system in our country, such a framework is not always respected. So, the voltage can be 1.5 times higher, or much lower than necessary. The result is often unpleasant - the equipment is out of order. Therefore, there is a need for a device that will disconnect the load earlier than something will burn. But when creating such a homemade, you need to be careful, since the work will be conducted with considerable strain.
How to make a safety transformer
In various electronic designs, transformerless power supplies are often used. Typically, these devices have a small power, and to avoid electro-injury, they are placed in an insulating plastic case. But sometimes they need to be adjusted, and then the defense is opened. To avoid possible injuries, use a decoupling safety transformer. It will also be useful when repairing such devices. Structurally, they consist of two identical windings, each of which is rated for the rated voltage of the network. Typically, the power of transformers of this type varies in the range of 60-100 W, these are the optimal parameters for tuning different electronics.
Simple emergency light source
What should I do if it is necessary that in the event of a power failure, the illumination of a section remains? The answer to these challenges can serve as an emergency luminaire based on a standard energy-saving lamp, whose power does not exceed 11 watts. So if it is necessary that the light was somewhere in the corridor, utility room or workplace, this homemade dress will have to be done. Usually, when there is voltage, they work directly from the network. When it disappears, the lamp starts to function on the battery power. When voltage is restored in the network and the lamp will work, and the battery is automatically charged. The best electronic homemade articles were left by the end of the article.
Increasing power regulator for soldering iron
In cases where it is necessary to solder massive parts or often reduce the mains voltage, the use of a soldering iron becomes problematic. And to gain from this situation can increase the power regulator. In these cases, the load (i.e., the soldering iron) is supplied by rectified mains voltage. The change is made with the help of an electrolytic capacitor, whose capacitance makes it possible to obtain a voltage greater than 1.41 network. So, at a standard voltage of 220 V, it will give 310 V. And if there is a drop, say, to 160 V, then it turns out that 160 * 1.41 = 225.6 V, which will allow optimal operation. But this is just an example. You have the opportunity to make a scheme suitable for your conditions.
The simplest twilight switch (photocell)
As the creation of new parts is now necessary, fewer components to make a device. So, for a conventional twilight switch, they only need 3. And thanks to the versatility of the design, multipurpose use is possible: in a multi-apartment building; To illuminate the porch or courtyard of a private home, or even a separate room. Pointing to the peculiarities of such a design as a twilight switch, it is called another "photo relay". You can find many implementation schemes that were made by either amateurs or industrialists. They have their own set of positive and negative properties. As negative properties, it is usually called either the need for a constant voltage source, or the complexity of the circuit itself. Also, when buying cheap and simple parts or entire kits often complain that they simply burn. The functional of the scheme is based on three components:
- Photocell. Usually it is photoresistors, phototransistors and photodiodes.
- Comparator.
- A triac, or relay.
When there is daylight, the resistance of the photocell is small, and the comparator voltage does not exceed the threshold. But it is only dark - as at this moment the construction will be included.
Conclusion
Here are some interesting electronic homemade products you can do yourself. The main thing in cases where something does not work is to continue trying, and then everything will be successful. And gaining experience, you can go to more complex schemes.