Ways of strapping and slinging schemes. GOST: slinging schemes

Strapping of goods is a technological process, which represents the strapping and hooking of heavy loads for their further lifting and moving. It is used everywhere, because only in this way it is possible to lift and carry indivisible goods, such as pipes or beams. However, you should pay attention to the fact that the slinging is not an accidental action, you can not bind the cargoes as you want. There are both international standards and domestic GOST, it is for them to conduct slinging. At any time, the truck driver can stop and check the correctness of the strapping - but it is more actual at the loading places, as often the cargo is only carried out there, and on the road it is already placed quite differently. In any case, you need to know all the slinging schemes, as they will be very useful for you in the production of loading operations.

Pipes and shafts

If we consider the slinging of cargo, then it is necessary to start with pipes, since this process is most important for this type of cargo. In total, there are about ten different types of slinging, depending on how many pipes need to be loaded and what they are. For example, if the length of the pipes is less than one and a half meters, then a sling-hook is used when one knot is made at the center of gravity, usually no more than one revolution is done. If the pipes have a long length, then everything depends on the devices that are used. If you have one universal ring strap, you need to use the method of double-end hooking, since otherwise the center of gravity will be too unstable. If you have two lanyards, then the pipe is fixed with a standard twist. There is also a less common variant of fastening with two locks. Pay attention also to the slings with end grippers - they are easy to use. The schemes of slinging and storing cargoes can be very diverse, but all of them have been developed for a long time, and their effectiveness has been checked by time.

Special methods of pipe slinging

Separately, it is worthwhile to talk about special situations when you need unusual schemes of slinging loads. Of course, posters with such schemes should always be present at the site of the operation so that workers can orientate on them and act in accordance with all standards. Of course, you can also use a tongs or a traverse equipped with textile slings, if you have such a device. Well, if you need to load a whole package of pipes at once, then you will definitely need a traverse with slings, which are also equipped with hooks. This is how the slinging schemes of cargoes consisting of one or several pipes look.

Metal rolling

Schemes of slinging cargo for rolled metal, naturally, are very different from those used for pipes. For example, for a channel, you need to use two universal loop strops, which need to be fixed in the girth, and for the I-beam - a two-branch line, which is also fixed in the girth. In both cases, you need to use spacers to secure the load more securely. Separately it is necessary to talk about bundles of channels and corners, which sometimes is very difficult to pack properly. In the first case, you need to use just three lines - two of them must be universal circular, and one - two-branch. And do not forget that in this case, you need to make several rings of straps from the wire, as well as add a gasket for universal slings so that they do not damage the channels. If we are talking about corners, then we can do without a two-branch line, but otherwise everything remains the same - two universal slings, wire strapping and lining. So the typical schemes of slinging cargo look like, which you have to adhere to if you want to achieve a good result without exposing workers or cargo to danger.

Slinging of metal sheets

If you are thinking about how the stropping schemes of cargo are depicted, DWG-drawings are the answer - this is a special type of drawings, on which you can see all the details of the process. But you should return to the metal cargo, which you may have to load. Most of the rolled metal is sheets that can be plumbed either vertically or horizontally. To begin with it is necessary to talk about more popular horizontal fretting. To do this, you will need a branch line, equipped with a special grip. If we are talking about a whole package of sheets that are packed horizontally, then the capture will not save you - you need to use two universal loop strops in the girth, and do not forget about the spacer. If you have a special four-arm strap with clamps, then it is suitable for loading single sheets, and for whole packages. As for the vertical slinging of sheets, for single sheets there are special eccentric grippers. For packs, you will also need to use special vertical grippers that will be installed on the sides of the bag, and universal loop loops will be attached to them. As you can see, the schemes of slinging and storing cargo are far from the easiest question, which must be studied very carefully.

Parts and equipment

Very often it is necessary to load large indivisible parts of large machinery or entire units of equipment, and for this there are also own standards. GOST-schemes of slinging cargo of this kind must also be present at loading points necessarily. So, it's worth starting with the simplest - with the body part. For its slinging you will need only two universal loop sling, which you need to secure with girth. The situation with the vessels is a bit more complicated, since they need to be treated in an upright position. But it does not change much - you will need to use the same two loop loops, but fasten them with girth for protruding parts around the perimeter. Even if the loading occurs in a horizontal position, the tactic remains the same. Sometimes there are situations in which the equipment is delivered in a large wooden container - in this case you will have to try a little more. Here you will need a four-lane sling, equipped with hooks, for which you can hook on two universal loop strops, which are threaded. Pulleys and flywheels, without packaging, are also very simple to stitch - using one or two universal slings, depending on whether you want to load them vertically or horizontally. With regard to a variety of valves and valves, they must be plumbed in exactly the same way as the pulleys, but at the same time engage the flange, if possible, passing the lines directly through the valve's twisting part. Well and if it is a question of the big units then here it is not necessary to do without special assembly loops which are connected by a шплинтовым lock with rigging скобы. And for them, loop loops are already attached. Now you fully imagine the variety of schemes for slinging cargo - the ways of tying, hooks and so on can be very different for different types of cargo.

Timber

If we are talking about timber, then immediately allocate logs and boards - for them there are different methods of slinging. For a package of logs, you will need a two-string hook with hooks, as well as two universal ring straps, which are fastened with a loop. Strictly speaking, for a package of sawn timber, such as boards, practically nothing changes - the principle remains the same.

Reinforced concrete slabs

Reinforced concrete slabs - this is a fairly extensive area in the matter of slinging, since there can be various factors. For example, much depends on whether there are mounting loops in the slabs so that hooks can be hooked for them. If not, then you will need a strap with special clamping jaws. Everything is quite different when it comes to the presence of mounting windows in the slab, but they are far from always, as are the mounting loops.

Reinforced concrete structures

As in the case of slabs, other designs are mainly attached to the mounting loops, as in most cases they are available - without them loading would be very difficult. For special cases, such as a farm, you can use special traverse equipped with balancing blocks.

Compliance

It is very important that the sling runs in full compliance with the standards. For this, all the necessary posters and schemes must necessarily be on the site of the operation, and the process itself must be constantly monitored.