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Ventilation of the cottage: the stages of creation

In most cases, modern private houses are built not from natural "breathing" materials, but from those manufactured by artificial means, completely impermeable to air. Therefore, a self-built or purchased country cottage must necessarily be equipped with a ventilation system. This will make life in the house much more pleasant and comfortable.

Varieties of systems

Designing ventilation of the cottage should start with the choice of the type of equipment itself. After all, country houses can have a different layout and area. A modern ventilation system can be:

  • Supply;
  • Exhaust;
  • Supply and exhaust;
  • Supply and exhaust with recuperation.

The correct choice of equipment will make it possible to make air exchange in the premises as efficient as possible without overrun in terms of electricity consumption.

Supply ventilation system

Climatic equipment of this type is usually installed in small cottages. With the use of supply ventilation, it is possible to make the air in a country house much cleaner and fresh, often even without much expense. Equipment of this type can be:

  • Non-channel . In this case, fresh air penetrates into the rooms through the supply valves installed in the walls.
  • Ducted. This is constructively more complex ventilation of the cottage. Air in the rooms in such systems comes through plastic or metal highways.

Exhaust system

This kind of equipment is also commonly used in small houses or in buildings constructed of "breathing" material, for example, the same beam or log. Exhaust ventilation in the cottage can be used for both air circulation and for removing various odors or moisture from the premises. Its main constructive element is an installation intended for pumping polluted air from rooms to the street. Most often this is a normal fan. There are only two versions of such systems:

  • Local . Such ventilation is used if the source of contamination is strictly localized. The main task of the equipment in this case is to remove it before it spreads through the premises.
  • General exchange . This ventilation of the cottage covers the entire space.

Supply and exhaust ventilation

This is the most effective type of ventilation used in cottages most often. In this case, both types of plants are installed - both supply and exhaust. The air circulates through specially laid highways. Most often in our time in the country houses are mounted supply and exhaust ventilation with a recuperator. With the use of such a system, you can not only make living in a house more comfortable, but also minimize the cost of heating.

Ventilation of the cottage when using such an additional device does not lead to overcooling of air in the premises in the winter. The recuperator is a special design, which takes heat from the air that is removed from the premises and gives it to the incoming.

Special features of installing a supply system

Assembling equipment of this variety is nothing particularly complicated does not represent itself. Most often in private houses, not even a supply plant is installed, but simply valves. The latter are pieces of plastic pipes insulated from inside with mineral wool. For their installation, holes in the walls are simply made. Outside, each valve is closed with a mosquito net.

In the room itself on the pipes are mounted special plastic headers with a filter and a damper. These devices allow you to adjust the intensity of the flow of air from the street entering the rooms. The result is, in fact, natural ventilation in the cottage. After all, no energy-consuming equipment is used in this case.

Duct ventilation system installed in the cottage, of course, a little more difficult. In this case, a supply installation is installed in the basement or in the attic. Valves are also inserted into the walls. But in this case, they are connected not to the headings, but to the mains that lead the air into the rooms. The result is a very efficient supply ventilation of the cottage.

Features of installation of exhaust systems

The simplest construction equipment of this type is usually installed in the kitchen - above the gas stove. The hood is attached to the wall either on brackets or on self-tapping screws. Further, it is simply connected to the mains by three wires (phase, zero and ground).

In the bathrooms and kitchens, a common exhaust ventilation system is often installed. It is a normal riser, walled into the attic or roof. To increase the efficiency of such a system, many home owners additionally use an exhaust fan. The latter is mounted directly into the outlet of the riser. The procedure in this case is as follows:

  • If necessary, the vent duct that opens into the bathroom or the kitchen expands (but it is better to immediately purchase the device of the appropriate dimensions).
  • The fan is inserted into the duct.
  • Emptiness is sealed with foam.
  • The hood is connected to the mains.

In the bathroom door below, when using such a supplement in the riser, make a hole for the air intake and close it with a grid.

Equipment selection rules

When buying a supply and supply and exhaust ventilation system, the owner of the cottage should first of all decide on its performance. Also it will be necessary to decide which kind of ducts to buy. Today there are only two types of them on sale: rigid and flexible. The second option for self-installation is best suited. The fact is that flexible air ducts are much easier to pull on the floors and behind the lining. After all, in this case, you do not need to make too many knees and joints.

What should be the performance of the system

Calculation of ventilation of the cottage is as follows:

  • The total volume of the premises of the house is determined (V = S × h, where S is the area in m 2 and h is the ceiling height);
  • The necessary multiplicity of air exchange is calculated.

The last figure is determined depending on the type of premises. For residential rooms, the multiplicity according to the norms should be 1-2 volumes per hour. That is, the result V obtained in this case must be multiplied by 1 or 2.

The technical characteristics of supply and exhaust systems usually indicate their maximum performance. After joining the ducts, this indicator can be significantly reduced (by about 20-30%). This should be taken into account when choosing an installation. You do not need to be afraid to buy equipment that is too productive. All modern supply and exhaust systems have fan speed control function. Using it, you can achieve a faster or slower air exchange in the premises.

How to install a supply and exhaust system

The ventilation methods described above are suitable only for very small cottages or for houses of considerable area, but constructed of wood or foam blocks. In a large residential suburban building in 2-3 floors with brick or concrete walls, you need to install a complex supply and exhaust ventilation. In this case, it is first necessary to draw up a project for laying the system's mains and determine the location of the installation. The ventilation of the cottage of this species is mounted in several stages. In the course of the arrangement:

  • Punching in the walls of the holes under the valves of the supply main.
  • Laying inlet and outlet ducts.
  • Installation of a supply and exhaust system with a recuperator and connection of air ducts.
  • Installing the air heater.

Supply and exhaust ventilation of cottages: air ducting

The procedure should be approximately the same as in the case of installing a duct ventilation duct system. That is, previously in the walls holes are made for insulated with mineral wool valves. After installing the latter, the supply lines join them. According to the draft, they are pulled through the rooms. In the premises, the supply air ducts are usually removed at a height of about 30-40 cm from the floor level. The laying of the main roads is carried out behind the walls and on the floors. They fix them to the structural elements of the house for special clamps. In this case, the ducts are diluted with tees on the sleeves.

According to the regulations, one outlet of the supply line can be 2-3 rooms. In this case, however, the layout of the building must be taken into account. At the same time in the doors of those rooms, where the air ducts do not directly approach, openings with decorative gratings should be made.

The exhaust air discharged from the premises is discharged at a distance of 30-40 cm from the ceiling. The ventilation device in the cottage in most cases assumes exactly this placement of the sleeves. This is due to the fact that the warm exhaust air, as is known, always rises upward.

Installation of air handling unit

Actually, the equipment itself, which is responsible for the supply and discharge of air, is most often located in the attic of the house. But sometimes the supply and exhaust system is located in the basement of the cottage. Mount this equipment should be on a level-adjusted horizontal stable surface. The air ducts to the installation are connected through the branch pipes. Which of the outputs should be connected to, you can see in the instructions attached to the equipment.

Installing the air heater

Sometimes the ventilation of the cottage is supplemented with this element. Its installation is not mandatory. However, experts still recommend installing the heater. This device is intended for additional heating of cold air coming from the street in winter. In addition, if there is a heater in the system on the recuperator, no ice is formed (which is a sore point of the supply and exhaust systems).

The installation of this equipment involves connection to the supply main and the source of energy. In the ventilation systems of small cottages, electric heaters are usually used. They simply connect to the network. Water models used in systems of cottages with the area from 150 m 2 , cut into the distribution of the heating system.

What you need to know about

If you wish, you can also mount your own supply and exhaust ventilation in your cottage. Technologically, the procedure is relatively simple. But here the design of ventilation of a cottage of this type should still be entrusted to specialists. This will not only save on the number of installed ducts, but also avoid in the future various kinds of unnecessary problems. The fact is that the slightest oversight in the design can lead to the fact that the system will work inefficiently, and at the same time it will prove to be an energy-consuming one. In addition, various errors in choosing the location of the laying of highways can cause worse problems, for example, the smell of a toilet in the kitchen or bedroom.

If desired, the supply and exhaust system can be improved by adding it to other types of climate equipment, filters, etc. Simultaneous ventilation and air-conditioning of the cottage, for example, can make living in it as comfortable as possible. In this case, special cooling air installations are usually used, which come complete with the system itself.

Features of installation of ventilation in the pool

In residential premises, as mentioned above, the rate of air exchange should be 1-2 volumes per hour. For swimming pools, this figure is four. After all, the air in this room is always very wet, which negatively affects the finish of walls, floors and ceilings, various kinds of equipment, household appliances, etc.

In order to ensure a comfortable stay in the pool, it is important to properly design its ventilation system. To prevent humid air from entering this room into adjacent rooms, it must be ensured that the amount of air withdrawn is slightly larger than that of the incoming air. In this case, the dry streams from the nearby rooms, on the contrary, begin to flow into the pool.

Among other things, the ventilation of the pool in the cottage must be installed in such a way that the windows are well blown. Otherwise, during the cold season, the windows will start to fog, resulting in ice on the frames and doors.

Who designs the projects and how much does the installation cost?

Self-assembly of the supply and exhaust system - it's possible. However, in most cases, owners of cottages prefer to delegate this work to specialists. You can order the ventilation project of the cottage and the installation of the system usually by the same company that sells this kind of climatic equipment. The cost of doing the work in this case will depend on the performance of the installation. Below is an approximate list of prices for a similar service:

  • From 300 m 3 / h - 26 800 rubles;
  • From 700 m 3 / h - 34 600 rubles;
  • From 1500 m 3 / h - 53 300 rubles;
  • From 2000 m 3 / h - 71 900 rubles.

For the laying of rigid air ducts it is necessary to pay about 350 rubles / m, flexible - 100 rubles / m. Sometimes the heating system mains can be additionally insulated. Such work costs about 100 rubles per meter.

Conclusion

That's the way the ventilation of the cottage is going. The procedure is relatively simple, but requires accuracy and accuracy. And if the exhaust fan or the supply valve can still be mounted independently, then for the assembly of complex systems with their own hands it is necessary to undertake only in the most extreme cases. To arrange such ventilation it is better to hire specialists.

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