Vehicle Brake System

There are three main types of brake systems: parking, working and spare. The parking brake system of the car is designed to hold the car while parking in one place. Working - to stop the car and reduce the speed. The spare car braking system is a backup, necessary in the event that the operating system fails. Most often today, the latter is an obligatory part of the brake working system.

The main components of each brake system are the brake actuator and the brake mechanism. The latter creates a braking torque that delays the car. In engineering, friction mechanisms based on the use of frictional force are used. Inside the wheel, the brake mechanism of the service braking system is placed. The mechanisms of the parking system can be located behind the transfer box or gearbox.

Brake mechanisms, depending on the device, can be disc or drum. The latter consist of a hollow drum, in which are located two pads, spreading to the sides and pressed against the drum with the help of one or several cylinders.

Slowing is provided by friction of the inner surface of the drum and friction of the pads. After the end of braking under the influence of springs, the pads return to their original position. The advantages of drum mechanisms include low manufacturing costs and simplicity. They also have a large contact area of the friction parts with the surface of the drum. This contributes to an increase in the braking force, and also makes it possible to use this design on large trucks.

This car brake system has some disadvantages, such as the risk of overheating of the drum and its subsequent deformation. Accordingly, this leads to a strong reduction of the contact surface of the drum and shoes and a decrease in the braking efficiency. Such mechanisms in the end are poorly suited for driving with heavy loads and frequent braking.

The disc brake system of the car includes a brake rotary disc and a caliper, which is fixed to the bracket and contains brake stationary pads. In the grooves of the caliper are working cylinders, pressing pads to the sides of the disk. Compared with the auto drum brake system, the VAZ disc brake system is less prone to overheating, since its working parts are more open and, accordingly, are better blown.

In addition, ventilated mechanisms are used. They consist of two disks, which are connected by blades. Air, therefore, passes through them and cools more efficiently. In addition to heat removal, they perform the functions of cleaning from moisture, frictional dust and dirt. It is worth noting that the area of contact in the disk systems is much smaller compared with the drum. For this reason, more force is required to ensure deceleration. In view of this, a variety of brake amplifiers began to appear everywhere. The shortcomings of this mechanism include higher costs, inability to handle difficult operating conditions, as well as less life of the pads.

Today, a variety of safety elements are included in the braking system - electronic differential lock, traction control system, braking force separation system , ABS, emergency brake booster. This allows the brake system to auto perform additional functions. So, on the off-road helps to drive the imitation of differential locks, drifts and other troubles excludes the anti-slip system due to slowing down, on the trajectory of the car is held by the system of exchange rate stability.