Great physicists and their discoveries

Physics is one of the most important sciences studied by man. Her presence is noticeable in all spheres of life, sometimes discoveries even change the course of history. Therefore, great physicists are so interesting and meaningful for people: their work is actual even after many centuries after their death. Which scientists should know first?

Andre-Marie Amper

A French physicist was born in the family of a merchant from Lyon. The parents' library was full of works of leading scientists, writers and philosophers. Since childhood, Andre was fond of reading, which helped him to acquire profound knowledge. By the age of twelve, the boy had already studied the basics of higher mathematics, and the following year he presented his works to the Lyons Academy. Soon he began to give private lessons, and from 1802 he worked as a teacher of physics and chemistry, first in Lyons, and then at the Polytechnic School of Paris. Ten years later he was elected a member of the Academy of Sciences. The names of great physicists are often associated with the concepts they studied life, and Ampere is no exception. He dealt with problems of electrodynamics. The unit of electric current is measured in amperes. In addition, it was the scientist who introduced many terms that are now in use. For example, these definitions are "galvanometer", "voltage", "electric current" and many others.

Robert Boyle

Many great physicists did their work at a time when technology and science were almost rudimentary, and despite this, they succeeded. For example, Robert Boyle, a native of Ireland. He engaged in a variety of physical and chemical experiments, developing an atomistic theory. In 1660, he managed to discover the law of changing the volume of gases, depending on the pressure. Many great scientists of the physics of his time had no idea of atoms, and Boyle was not only convinced of their existence, but also formed several related concepts, for example, "elements" or "primary corpuscles". In 1663, he succeeded in inventing litmus, and in 1680 he first proposed a method for obtaining phosphorus from bones. Boyle was a member of the Royal Society of London and left a lot of scientific works.

Niels Bohr

Often great physicists turned out to be significant scientists in other spheres. For example, Niels Bohr was also a chemist. Member of the Royal Danish Society of Sciences and leading scientist of the twentieth century, Niels Bohr was born in Copenhagen, where he received his higher education. For some time he collaborated with the English physicists Thomson and Rutherford. The scientific works of Bohr became the basis for the creation of quantum theory. Many great physicists subsequently worked in directions originally created by Niels, for example, in some areas of theoretical physics and chemistry. Few people know, but he was also the first scientist to lay the foundations of the periodic system of elements. In the 1930s. Made many important discoveries in atomic theory. For achievements was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics.

Max Born

Many great physics scientists were from Germany. For example, Max Born was born in Breslau, in the family of a professor and a pianist. He was fond of physics and mathematics from childhood and entered the University of GцTttingen to study them. In 1907, Max Born defended his dissertation on the stability of elastic bodies. Like other great physics scientists of the time, for example Niels Bohr, Max collaborated with Cambridge specialists, namely with Thomson. Inspired by Bourne and the ideas of Einstein. Max was engaged in the study of crystals and developed several analytical theories. In addition, Born created the mathematical basis of quantum theory. Like other physicists, the Great Patriotic War, the anti-militarist Bourt categorically did not want, and during the battles he had to emigrate. Subsequently, he will condemn the development of nuclear weapons. For all his achievements, Max Born received the Nobel Prize, and was also admitted to many scientific academies.

Galileo Galilei

Some great physicists and their discoveries are connected with the sphere of astronomy and natural science. For example, Galileo, an Italian scientist. Studying medicine at the University of Pisa, he became acquainted with the physics of Aristotle and began to read ancient mathematicians. Fascinated by these sciences, he dropped out of school and started writing "Little Scales" - a work that helped determine the mass of metal alloys and described the centers of gravity of the figures. Galileo became famous among Italian mathematicians and got a seat on the chair in Pisa. After a while he became the court philosopher of the Duke of the Medici. In his works he studied the principles of equilibrium, dynamics, fall and motion of bodies, as well as the strength of materials. In 1609 he built the first telescope, giving a threefold increase, and then - and with thirty two-fold. His observations gave information about the surface of the moon and the size of the stars. Galileo discovered the satellites of Jupiter. His discoveries made a furor in the scientific sphere. The great physicist Galileo was not too approved by the church, and this determined the attitude towards him in society. Nevertheless, he continued to work, which was the reason for denunciation to the Inquisition. He had to give up his teachings. But after a few years, tracts on the rotation of the Earth around the Sun, created on the basis of Copernicus' ideas, were published: with the explanation that this is only a hypothesis. Thus, the most important contribution of the scientist was preserved for society.

Isaac Newton

The inventions and statements of great physicists often become a kind of metaphor, but the legend of the apple and the law of gravity is better known than everyone. To each sign is Isaac Newton, the hero of this story, according to which he discovered the law of gravitation. In addition, the scientist developed the integral and differential calculus, became the inventor of a mirror telescope and wrote many fundamental works on optics. Modern physicists consider him the creator of classical science. Newton was born in a poor family, studied in a simple school, and then in Cambridge, working as a servant in parallel to pay for studies. Already in the early years, ideas came to him, which in the future will become the basis for the invention of systems of calculus and the discovery of the law of gravitation. In 1669 he became a lecturer in the department, and in 1672 he became a member of the Royal Society of London. In 1687 the most important work was published under the title "Elements". For the invaluable achievements in 1705 Newton was granted nobility.

Christian Huygens

Like many other great people, physicists were often talented in various fields. For example, Christian Huygens, a native of The Hague. His father was a diplomat, a scientist and a writer, his son received an excellent education in the legal field, but was fascinated by mathematics. In addition, Christian spoke fine Latin, could dance and ride, played music on the lute and harpsichord. As a child, he managed to build a lathe on his own and worked on it. In the university years Huygens corresponded with the Parisian mathematician Mersenne, which strongly influenced the young man. Already in 1651 he published a paper on quadrature of a circle, an ellipse and a hyperbola. His work allowed him to gain the reputation of a fine mathematician. Then he became interested in physics, wrote several works on colliding bodies, which seriously influenced the ideas of contemporaries. In addition, he made a contribution to optics, constructed a telescope and even wrote a paper on gambling calculations related to probability theory. All this makes him an outstanding figure in the history of science.

James Maxwell

Great physicists and their discoveries deserve every interest. Thus, James Clerk Maxwell achieved impressive results, which everyone should familiarize with. He became the founder of theories of electrodynamics. The scientist was born in a noble family and was educated at the universities of Edinburgh and Cambridge. For achievements was accepted into the Royal Society of London. Maxwell discovered the Cavendish Laboratory, which was equipped with the latest technology for conducting physical experiments. In the course of his work, Maxwell studied electromagnetism, kinetic theory of gases, color vision and optics. He showed himself and as an astronomer: it was he who established that Saturn's rings are stable and consist of unconnected particles. He also studied dynamics and electricity, having a serious influence on Faraday. Extensive treatises on many physical phenomena are still considered relevant and in demand in the scientific community, making Maxwell one of the greatest specialists in this field.

Albert Einstein

The future scientist was born in Germany. Since childhood, Einstein loved mathematics, philosophy, was fond of reading popular science books. For education, Albert went to the Technological Institute, where he studied his favorite science. In 1902 he became an employee of the patent office. For years of work there he will publish several successful scientific works. His first works are connected with thermodynamics and interaction between molecules. In 1905, one of the works was accepted as a thesis, and Einstein became a doctor of science. Albert had many revolutionary ideas about the energy of electrons, the nature of light and the photoelectric effect. The most important was the theory of relativity. The conclusions of Einstein transformed the ideas of mankind about time and space. Absolutely deservedly he was awarded the Nobel Prize and recognized in the entire scientific world.