Types of production.

Types of production are nothing more than a set of characteristics that determine the organizational and technological characteristics of the production process, carried out in one particular workplace, and on their totality at the scale of a site or even a whole plant.

Of no small importance for production are the forms of organization, and the types of production predetermine them. The classification of the types of production process is based on several factors. These include the volume of output, its nomenclature, as well as the degree of permanence of this nomenclature and the nature of the load of all jobs. Based on these factors, these types of production distinguish: the first group - single, the second - the serial and the third - the mass.

Organizational types of production, called individual ones, are those manufacturing processes in which a wide range of products is made in single copies and they are either non-repeating, or repeated at intervals that are not defined. In the process, a variety of detailed operations are performed at each workplace (pilot shops, single-production shops).

Types of production, called serial, is when a limited range of products is produced periodically in quantities that are determined by the batch of launch or release. At each specific workplace , several details of operations are executed at once, at the same time they alternate at intervals, that is, rhythmically repeat. There is a seriality coefficient, called Li, which quantitatively characterizes the seriality level. So, when it increases, the level of specialization goes down, in mass production it is equal to one.

Types of production, called mass, are those where in a significant amount, a limited range of parts (products) is continuously produced. At each specific workplace in this case, only one detail operation is performed. The main condition for the mass production process is the full load of workplaces and equipment by the release of products of only one name.

In one particular enterprise, not necessarily there should be only one type of production, there are several at once. This can be explained by the fact that the level of specialization is low. There is also such a thing as the types of enterprise, which are determined by the complexity and nature of output, as well as the volume of output.

There are only three types of enterprise. The first is a mass production enterprise, they release their entire range of products or only its main part continuously.

The second type is serial production enterprises that produce products in batches, that is, serial production processes in this case prevail. Within this group there is also a very conditional division of processes into small-scale, serial and large-scale series. But it does not change the qualitative characteristics of the type of organization. This means that in any case, the output is alternated in repetitive lots.

The third type is single-production enterprises. They produce a wide range of products that do not have a rhythmic repeatability. In this case, single production processes prevail.

Types of production can have a huge impact on the management features, organizations and economic indicators of the whole enterprise. When the technical armament of labor rises and the volume of output increases, there is a transition from a single type of production to a serial and mass production. As a consequence, the share of people's labor is reduced and the costs of maintaining and operating the equipment are significantly increased. The result is a decrease in the cost of production and a change in its structure.