Types of posters: advertising, political, children's, festive

It is customary to call a poster a large format wallboard of an agitational, advertising or curriculum with a picture or a photograph, and also with an explanatory text.

Poster History

A poster is quite an ancient phenomenon. It can include rock carvings, medieval engravings, store signs, theater and cinema posters, agitation and social prints, posters for birthday, children's, wedding.

At the end of the 18th century, the German IA Zenerfelder invented the so-called flat print - lithography, thereby becoming the founder of the multi-color printed poster. And in 1869 the French graphic artist and artist J. Schere produced the first color theatrical poster-poster "Ball Valentine", in which he combined lithography and convex print.

In the form in which we know the poster today, it appeared in the 19th century. Poster art began to spread along with the revival of theaters, art galleries, with the development of active political life and holding rallies. At that time, posters were still mostly made by hand. Great contribution to the art of the poster was made by such artists as A. Toulouse-Lautrec, J. Shere, E. Grasse, AM. Mukha, P. Bonnard, E. Degas, C. Manet, A. Matisse, P. Picasso.

Types of posters

Posters can be classified according to various signs. For example, depending on the application technique, they are divided into posters of offset or digital printing. By the size they also happen different. The minimum format is usually A2.

Based on what means are chosen as the information feed, posters can contain only a picture, only text or text and a picture together.

If the poster contains only an image, then it must be very high resolution. It is necessary that the picture or picture on the poster is well recognized, so that the viewer can quickly understand what is shown.

To the textual requirements such requirements are imposed, as to picture posters - written should be clear. Often such posters are used in the accompaniment of graphics. An example of this type of poster are posters on the topic of science.

And, finally, the most popular and widely used kind of posters is "picture + text". They are the most effective, they are easier to interpret. The image is of interest to viewers, and the text provides them with additional information.

Depending on the subject and function, they can be classified as advertising, pre-election, propaganda, for theater and cinema, social, children's posters, birthday, educational posters and so on.

Theatrical and film posters

Theatrical poster as a kind received recognition in 1897 after the exhibition in St. Petersburg. It involved many famous artists of the time who brought their best works.

The main purpose of a theatrical poster or a poster is to announce new performances, to inform the viewer of information about the place, time, date of the cost of attending the event.

With the development of cinematography posters have also been used to advertise films. Initially, the film posters depicted various episodes of the film. Later, to attract the viewer, the creators began to illustrate the main characters, and even tried to convey the genre and mood of the film.

On theatrical and movie posters in most cases, the main actors, illustrations or frames anticipating the action of the play or film are depicted. In addition to artists, the names of authors, directors, producers, producers can be mentioned.

Since such a poster should be sufficiently time-consuming (at least one season), it must be printed on very good paper, and also have an ideal color display quality.

Campaign posters

During the First and Second World Wars, the poster received a new role - it became an instrument of political propaganda. Posters were often used to give a sense of patriotism to ordinary citizens. All the opposing sides massively applied posters that helped recruit soldiers into the army, collect money for the production of weapons for the front. On the posters the enemy always showed on the worst side. Posters of wartime served as a powerful weapon of motivation and agitation, affecting the population.

After the war, the propaganda poster was used as a means of electoral struggle to advance the goals of various parties and candidates. In such posters, individual politicians are usually shown close-up or within an important target group, for example, in the circle of children. With the help of posters of this kind, parties or politicians want to convince voters that they have the right answer to social issues and tell what benefits can be expected in choosing the appropriate party. Election posters are placed immediately before the event for the general public.

Soviet posters

The creation of the image of the enemy of the homeland became a kind of visiting card of Soviet communist propaganda. Enemy could be almost anyone. For example, one of the favorite characters of that time was a speculator. He was usually dressed in a long coat and an American hat. Alcohol was also represented as a dangerous enemy. Drinking, which was widespread, was usually treated as the most serious crime.

Soviet fine art not only exposed the enemies of power and truants. Posters were popular, motivating people for intensive work.

Current foreign policy was also a common topic for Soviet posters. An enemy image was created from the outside. The favorite in Soviet propaganda was NATO. It was represented on posters as a puppet of the United States.

Since the 1920s and 1930s, posters with safety rules in industry, construction and on roads have been distributed.

Festive posters

In the modern world, posters have a little lost their propaganda function. Today, posters are produced massively. And any person can order a poster for a certain holiday and event, for example, for a birthday or for a wedding. This is a very popular way of decorating the interior. Posters adorn children's rooms, living rooms, offices and other premises.

Advertising posters

Advertising posters are one of the most popular forms of visual advertising. It is a fast, effective and cheap way to attract potential customers. In places of sale, posters are placed to tell potential buyers about the novelties and advantages of goods.

The design of advertising posters should be carefully thought out. The essence of the advertising poster is to bring your message to people, often in a hurry passing by. Color is of great importance. It is clearly visible and stands out advertising, which uses a contrasting palette. Fonts play an important role. Avoid too small and thin letters, minimize the use of capital letters. Words must be separated by visible spaces.

The service life of advertising posters can be quite long. Therefore, in the production of very high-quality materials and paints, lamination is used.

At present, the advertising poster has ceased to be just an informational message on paper. Thanks to the technologies, the poster has unlimited possibilities. For example, it can be three-dimensional or glow at night.

Creating and printing posters

The creation of posters is now very different from the process that was a hundred years ago. The ways of printing and the methods of submitting a message have changed. Before getting on the public display, the poster goes through several stages.

1. Strategy Development. This is a particularly important stage for advertising posters. That is, the very idea, the highlight, is thought out, how to make the poster attractive, but at the same time understandable to the target audience.
2. Design of the poster is the development of the visual part. At this stage, the color scale is determined, the fonts, the size of the poster are selected.
3. Poster printing. It is carried out in various ways - it can be offset or digital. Also the prepared poster can be laminated, varnished. The final form of the product depends on the purpose and purpose of the poster.

In the modern world, with the advent of new media, such as television and the Internet, the poster is losing its original significance. He ceased to be an art form or a means of agitation. Despite this, the poster still remains in demand as an outdoor advertisement.