Types of pine and varieties. Types of pine cones

More than one hundred names of trees, of which the genus pine is composed, are distributed throughout the Northern Hemisphere. In addition, some species of pine can be found in the mountains slightly to the south and even in the tropical belt. This is an evergreen monoecious coniferous tree with needle-like leaves.

The division is mainly based on the territorial distribution of the range, although many species of pine plants are artificially bred and, as a rule, are named after the breeder.

General description of the genus Pine

The appearance of the pine can be different: most often these are trees, and sometimes creeping shrubs. The shape of the crown changes with age from pyramidal to spherical or umbellate. This is due to the withering away of the lower branches and the rapid growth of the branches in breadth.

The shoots on which the needles are collected are normal, shortened or elongated. Needles, gathered in bundles, flat or trihedral, narrow and long, do not fall off within 3-6 years. Around the base are small scales. Fruits are cones inside which seeds develop (with and without wings).

In general, the various species of pine are not too whimsical, drought-resistant, frost-hardy and do not require fertile soil. Plants prefer dry sandy and stony soils, although in this matter the exception is the Weymutov pine, Wollicha, resinous and cedar, which grow with moderate moistening. For a pine mountain suitable limestone soil. And now we will examine in more detail some varieties of this culture.

Pine tree

This is perhaps the most common coniferous tree of Eurasia, which can be called a symbol of the Russian forest. View pine ordinary light-loving, normally feels and in a hard northern climate, and in the steppe heat. Hardly tolerates urban conditions, but it is the main culture for the creation of forest tracts on sandy soil. In landscape design, ordinary pine is in demand for a variety of decorative forms and rapid growth.

The tree can grow up to 40 meters. The bark is cracked, red-brown, the young plant is thin, slightly orange. The needles are of a blue color, doubled, rigid, even or curved, 4-6 centimeters long. The maximum age of a tree under favorable conditions is 400-600 years.

There are many artificially-derived undersized and dwarf varieties of Scots pine. In natural conditions on the territory of the range it occurs in various forms and easily interbreeds with such species as black and mountain pine. Depending on the area of growth, there are also about 30 ecological forms - ecotypes.

Siberian pine cedar

Other species of pine trees are also popular. In Russia, one of the most valuable forest tree species is Siberian pine cedar - a powerful tree with a rich multi-vertex ovoid crown. Needles are short (6-13 cm), rough. Frost resistant, grows near the permafrost zone, in the taiga zone. Seeds of large cones are edible and rich in oily oils. The height reaches 3 meters.

Pine cedar pine

Distributed in Western Siberia and the Far East. Cedar stannikova pine has a bushlike shape, densely grows and has the ability to root roots lowered to the ground. It is a decorative variety due to the beautiful blue-green needles, bright red male spikelets and spectacular red-purple cones.

Pine Veimutova

Very beautiful and tall pine.

The varieties and species of North American coniferous trees are of great economic importance. The Weymutov pine is distinguished by a thin, soft and long needles of a bluish-green color. The cones have a curved, elongated shape. Excellent withstands severe frosts, but with all the unpretentiousness is not suitable for planting the city.

Pine mountain Weymutova

Some famous species of pine grow in the Crimea, for example, the mountain Veimutova. This is a very beautiful North American variety, which differs from the previous shortened blue-green pine needles and large, somewhat curved cones. The height of an adult tree is about 30 meters, the crown is narrow, characteristic reddening on young shoots. This is a heat-loving tree, although it suffers a drought. It grows mainly in those mountainous areas that are protected from sea winds.

Pallas Pine (Crimean Pine)

Another species widespread on the peninsula Crimea. Pallas Pine is a tall tree, about 20 meters high. The bark is reddish-black, cracked with cracks. The crown is dense, changing the shape from ovoid to umbelliform. It is distinguished by horizontally stretched branches with bent ends and large cones. Crimean pine is light-loving, undemanding to soil, easily tolerates a lack of moisture. Also growing in the Caucasus, Crete, the Balkans, in Asia Minor.

Armand Pine

Decorative Chinese look with characteristic long and thin needles, edible oil seeds. It grows exclusively in warm southern regions.

Bax's Pine

It differs from a multi-barrel structure, it is imported from North America. Light green needles are rather short and twisted, cones of curved shape. It grows up to 25 meters in height. Frost resistant, unpretentious view suitable for any soil. Bred only in the botanical gardens.

Geldreich Pine

This species is common in the Balkans and southern Italy. Characterized by a spectacular long needles of tender green color. Like many other types of pines, photos of which are presented in the material, it is very unpretentious, moreover, it easily tolerates urban conditions. Weakness is not enough winter hardiness for the middle belt, so it is ideal for southern regions.

Pine mountain

Very attractive and pine mountain. Types of pines are scattered throughout the Northern Hemisphere. This species grows in the mountains of Central and Southern Europe. It is a large branched tree or a prostrate tree. Of particular interest to landscape design are various compact decorative trees, from which beautiful compositions are created along the banks of water bodies, in stony gardens, etc. The maximum height is 10 meters and the minimum height is 40 centimeters.

Pine tree

One of the winter-hardy species grown in the central part of Russia is the so-called red Japanese pine. The main condition for its good growth is not too long freezing of the soil. The needles are long and bushy at the end of the branch, during the dusting the tree exudes a fragrance. It does not accept urban conditions, it grows on poor sandy soils.

Pine small-flowered, or white pine

Japanese types of ornamental pines are represented by small-flowered (white) pine, which received its second name for spectacular white or bluish stripes on needles, pronounced due to swirling. Non-resistant, in the middle zone of Russia only a short dwarf variety grows. Since the tree loves warmth and good lighting, the climate of the Black Sea coast is excellent for it.

Pine yellow

A magnificent view from a narrow, pyramidal, openwork crown in nature grows in North America. It has long needles and a beautiful thick bark. It settles in the southern regions and the middle belt of Russia, but it freezes in especially cold winters. The height of the tree reaches 10 meters. It prefers protected places from the winds, therefore it is best to plant them in groups. Pine yellow is not susceptible to urban harmful conditions.

Cedar Pine European

The European species of cedar pine is similar to the Siberian "relative". The difference is in smaller sizes, a denser sprawling crown and a long thin needle. In addition, cones and tree seeds are not so large. It grows more slowly, but it lives longer. It will ideally look in single and group garden and park landings.

Cedar pine pine

Quite a rare decorative appearance, growing in the Far East, East Asia, Korea, Japan. In beauty this conifer can be compared with Siberian cedar pine, although the crown of the "Korean woman" is less dense, pubescent with gray-green needles and decorated with decorative cones. Seeds-nuts are also edible. Frosts of the middle belt of Russia are tolerated by the culture relatively normally, it grows a stunted tree, although in the wild nature its height can reach 40-50 meters.

Montezuma Pine

The owner of a very long needles, in natural conditions, is found in the west of North America and Guatemala.

The tree grows up to 30 meters tall and has a spreading spherical crown. Huge cone cones can reach a length of 25 cm. It prefers warm and humid climate, that's why it gets on well in the Crimea. Not subject to diseases and pests.

Pine awning

Many ornamental species of pine, including awned, grow well and bear fruit in the middle of Russia. This North American species is quite rare and represents a small tree or a bush with raised branches that form a lush, sprawling crown. The needles are dense, and on the cones - long spines. All sorts are unpretentious and winter hardy.

Rumelian pine

A variety of Balkan pine has a low pyramidal crown, a dense green needles 5-10 centimeters in length and cylindrical hanging cones on the legs. Young shoots are bare. The bark is brown in color. The pine Rumelian grows rapidly and has no special requirements for lighting and soils. Used in decorative parks.

Pine tree twisted (broad-coniferous)

It grows in North America and, thanks to its good winter hardiness, is bred in the central part of Russia. The culture extends over large areas along the Pacific coast. The name is given for twin twisted needles. It can be a shrub or a high tree (up to 50 meters), the lower branches of which are lowered, and the upper branches are spread out or are directed upward. The culture grows slowly enough, but it is unpretentious to the conditions of life, not only in nature, but even in the city.

Thunberg Pine

A rare decorative view from Japan, which is also called black pine. The main habitat is high mountain forests, about 1000 meters above sea level. This evergreen tree grows to 40 meters in height. The crown is usually irregular in shape, light green in color, with a long hard needles (8-14 cm x 2 mm). The bark is black, and the young shoots are orange and glabrous. The pine cones of Thunberg are almost flat, and the gray seeds with wings. Thermophilic and moisture-loving culture, which in our country grows well in Sochi.

Himalayan pine (Wallicha or Vallicha)

The magnificent long-pine-tree pine came from the Himalayas and from the Tibetan mountains. It grows fast, does not tolerate frosts too well, is hygrophilous. The ideal place for culture here is the Crimea, where it fructifies well. A tree in nature reaches a height of 30-50 meters. A beautiful 18-centimeter gray-green needles hang. Decorative yellow cones are also long - about 32 centimeters. The species is cultivated for group landscaping.

Pine Black

Many ornamental species of pines belong to wild plants, including black pine, which came to us from the mountain regions of Central Europe. This breed is very resistant to urban conditions. The name received for a very dark bark and a dense green abundantly growing needles. Thanks to this, shady zones are created, unlike Scots pine. In Russia, it is more suitable for the steppe part of the North Caucasus, although the undersized decorative forms can be planted to the north.

What are pine cones?

Different types of pine cones differ in their shapes, sizes and colors. But all of them in the beginning of life are soft, yellow-green, and as they grow older they derevyayut and change color from dark green to brown.

The largest cones are the American cones of Lambert - 50 centimeters long, Coulter - reach 40 centimeters, as well as fir Cilician, growing in length about 30 centimeters. The smallest cones, barely reaching 3 centimeters, have Lyell larch and Japanese pseudoturn.

In general, the genus of pine trees is characterized by rapid development and growth. Exceptions are those species that have to survive in difficult climatic conditions: high in the mountains, in swamps, in stony stony soil, in the North. In these cases, the mighty trees degenerate into stunted and dwarf varieties. However, they are of great interest for decoration of landscape plantings.