Types of pensions in Russia. Types of labor and social pensions in Russia

Material support of disabled and economically vulnerable persons is the basis of social policy of each state. To date, about 42.7 million citizens of the Russian Federation are pensioners. Most of them receive old-age payments on the basis of seniority.

The concept of

A pension is a means that is paid monthly to certain persons. We can distinguish three main groups of citizens who receive material assistance from the state:

• People who have reached retirement age;
• Disabled people;
• Disabled people who lost their bread-winners.

Below are the types of pensions in the Russian Federation, depending on the citizens' length of service. There is also the possibility of obtaining non-state payments.

Types of pensions in the Russian Federation

Labor	On state support
According to the age. On disability. On the death of the breadwinner.	For the length of service. According to the age. On the occasion of the loss of the breadwinner. On the group of disability. Social.

Insurance pension

One of the main types of material security, which receives most of the disabled citizens. Labor pensions are means that are allocated monthly to individuals as compensation for earnings. Payments are intended to compensate for the income that citizens received during work or disabled people after the death of a family member who kept them.

There are three types of labor pension:

• according to the age;
• On disability;
• On loss of the supporter.

For each of the above categories, your payout size is assigned. A special feature of an insurance pension is the compulsory availability of a length of service for the recipient.

For old age

The old-age pension is granted to citizens who have reached a certain age, and only if they have a minimum of work experience. Women from 55 years of age and men from 60 years old can receive payment. Representatives of some professions have a lower threshold of retirement age. The minimum length of service is five years. At the same time, only that period of work is counted, during which the pensioner made insurance premiums.

The amount of payments is not the same for all citizens and is calculated individually. Labor pension is made up of two parts - insurance and funded. The state approves a fixed amount, which is the base of payments. In addition to the economic state of the country, the size of the pension also depends on working conditions, length of service and the amount of wages.

Early retirement

The above is the minimum age that the recipient of material security must meet in connection with old age. Nevertheless, representatives of some professions or employees of the northern part of the state have the right to early appointment of a pension.

The list of types of labor that entitle the specialists involved in them to receive insurance payments ahead of schedule is presented in the legislation of the Russian Federation. Work in these areas requires great physical effort, responsibility or has a negative impact on health. This changes not only the age of retirement, but also the minimum length of service.

In addition to the type of labor, other indicators are also taken into account. Thus, the minimum age for retirement is reduced for workers in the Far North, mothers with many children, visually impaired persons and other categories of citizens.

By disability

As in the previous case, only those citizens who have worked experience can receive insurance singing. Applicants can be invalids of any group - I, II or III. It does not matter when a person has a disability - before, during or after the work period. It also does not matter whether a person has the opportunity to continue working or not. A pensioner can continue working and receive material support.

To designate an insurance pension, a person must undergo medical and social expertise in a public institution where he will be assigned a disability group. As can be seen from the table above, the fixed part of payments directly depends on the disability group. The amount increases if citizens work in the Far North or have dependents. So, for April 2016 for persons with disabilities (group 1), the pension was equal to 9,118 rubles a month. However, the same citizens who are dependent on two people have the right to 12,157 rubles.

This type of pensions is issued for a certain period. Upon completion, a person must come to re-examine the disability to confirm his status. If there is no attendance for medical and social expertise, the payment of the pension is suspended.

On the occasion of loss of a bread-winner

Some people who stayed on the maintenance of a deceased or missing member of the family, also receive an insurance pension. They are the following groups of citizens:

• Minor children, grandchildren, sisters / brothers of the deceased breadwinner, or they are under the age of 23 years of age while studying at a university in full-time.
• They are the same if they acquired a disability before the age of 18.
• Father, mother, their parents or spouse, if they are disabled or have reached retirement age.
• Disabled dependents.
• Grandfather, grandmother, parent, spouse, brother, sister or child of the breadwinner, if they take care of young grandchildren, children, brothers or sisters of the deceased.

The size of the survivor's pension (its fixed part) does not differ depending on the category to which the dependent relates, unless he is a round orphan or residing in the Far North. If a person has committed a crime that entailed the death of a breadwinner, he has no right to receive material security.

On state support

Types of pensions in the Russian Federation include a broad category of payments, which do not require the existence of work experience. Payments on the state. Shall be appointed in the following circumstances:

• according to the age;
• On disability;
• On the fact of loss of the bread-winner;
• For long service;
• Soc. pension.

For old age

This kind of material security is received by persons who suffered from man-caused or radiation accidents. The old age pension is determined by different conditions, depending on the status of citizens, the duration and place of residence, the connection of their diseases with the consequences of the disaster. At the moment, such payments are received by persons affected by the consequences of the Chernobyl accident.

45 (for women) and 50 (for men) years	50 (for women) and 55 (for men) years
Liquidators of the consequences of the disaster (in the period from 1986 to 1987).	Liquidators of the consequences of the accident (in the period from 1986 to 1987).
Evacuated citizens.	Persons engaged in work in the exclusion zone.
Persons who become disabled due to a disaster.	Citizens who received radiation sickness or disability associated with exposure to radiation.

Loss of Survivor

The state pension is paid to the disabled members of the family of the deceased under the following circumstances:

• Death of a serviceman from damage caused during the draft service, or within three months after its completion;
• Death of citizens who suffered from anthropogenic or radiation catastrophe;
• The death of an astronaut during the flight, preparation for him or in the performance of official duties.

The size of the survivor's pension is different, depending on the degree of kinship, the type of activity and the cause of death.

For the length of service

There are 4 groups of pensioners applying for these payments:

• Federal civil servants (civil service experience - from 15 years);
• Military personnel
• Cosmonauts;
• Pilots of the flight test composition.

Representatives of the last two categories must have a seniority of at least 20 years for women and 25 for men. If people leave work due to illness, this period is reduced by 5 years. Military pensions in Russia can not be received by citizens who served on conscription.

By disability

The following groups of persons can receive a state pension:

• Victims as a result of anthropogenic or radiation catastrophe;
• Participants of the Second World War;
• They were awarded the "Resident of Leningrad besieged";
• Military personnel;
• Cosmonauts.

Citizens who receive disability payments can continue working without suspension or material assistance. Servicemen become pensioners in the event that their status was caused by trauma during the service or within three months after its termination. Participants of the Second World War and citizens who are awarded with the sign "ZHBL" receive payments regardless of the reason that they were recognized as invalids. Persons injured due to an anthropogenic or radiation accident can claim either this type of material security or old-age pension.

Social pension

Payments can be received by the following categories of disabled citizens:

By disability	Persons with disabilities of any group; Disabled children.
On the occasion of loss of a bread-winner	Minors or persons under the age of 23 years of age in full-time education who lost their parent (s).
For old age	Representatives of indigenous peoples of the North at the age of 50 (women) and 55 (men); Citizens of the Russian Federation at the age of 60 (women) and 65 (men).

Pensioners are entitled to payment even if they receive other income and employment. Exceptions are citizens over 60 (65) years of age.

Simultaneous receipt of two pensions

The ability to receive two types of payments has the following groups of persons:

• Citizens who received disability during military operations;
• Participants of the Second World War and citizens who have the sign "ZBL";
• Widows and parents of servicemen who died during military service;
• Families of dead cosmonauts.

Such citizens can receive material security, which is labor pension and state pension.

Social co-payments

The pension to unemployed citizens can not be lower than the subsistence level. If the funds received by a person do not reach this amount, he can apply to the Pension Fund for a social supplement. At the same time, the total amount of payments received by a given citizen is taken into account. If a pensioner is engaged in work, he can not claim a surcharge.

Pension Fund

At the moment, through the FIU, an insurance and state pension is calculated and assigned. The pension fund has all the necessary information for social payments. Thanks to interaction with state institutions conducting medical and social expertise, registrar's offices and other organizations, the FIU is aware of the presence or absence of justifications for the receipt of pensions by persons, calculates and charges funds to needy citizens.

Non-public payments

The above types of pensions in Russia do not constitute an exhaustive list of possible material security. Citizens can receive payments by concluding a contract with a private organization.

A common way to provide for yourself in case of disability is an agreement concluded with a non-state pension fund. Participants make regular contributions to the organization, and the latter, in turn, invests contributions. The profit is distributed equally among the NPF members. At the same time, the age at which participants start receiving pension payments is determined not by legislation, but by a contract.

An alternative solution is life insurance. Organizations also function by investing participants' contributions. When the term of the contract expires, the person receives the insurance sum, and in case of his death the funds are transferred to the heirs.