Types of folk songs: examples. Types of Russian folk songs

Song has long accompanied a man. His life was reflected and meaningful in it. By the way, this can be judged by all sorts of folk proverbs: "Whose mind you live, sing and sing a song," "Talking about the road shakes, and the song is a job" and, of course, everything known "You can not throw out the word".

Introduction

Types of folk songs Are diverse. They can be viewed from different angles: from the point of view of reflecting mythological representations or, on the contrary, the actual real picture, from the point of view of ritual lyrics and, of course, depending on the place, the situation in which they are performed. Russian folk songs, their types are very diverse, and this once again underscores the uniqueness of the musical culture of Russia.

Origin of the song

The word itself comes from "singing", or "singing". Max Fasmer, in his etymological dictionary, notes that the root of this verb is obscheslaviansky. According to the opinion of most experts, as well as experienced researchers, the forms "sing" (sing) and "sing" (water) are not coincidentally coincidental. There is an opinion that this phenomenon is associated with a pagan sacrificial rite: watering - chanting. Of course, the song comes from the rites. At the same time, in literary sources it is often pointed out that it has a certain mythological implication.

Any one people, you can say, evolved with music. Thanks to music, the song in particular, we can trace the development of the people, the significant events of the period of any era. Thanks to this, it is possible to really pay attention to those motifs in folk art, by which the whole depth of experiences (in lyrical songs, for example), joy and so on is transmitted. It is worth noting that the text, and not music, is of paramount importance in a folk song. It is this characteristic that distinguishes the Russian musical culture.

Types of folk songs

Quite often, the types of folk songs include musical works with a meaning aimed at conspiracy, love spell. The semantic content of such songs is very diverse. One of the most popular was the use of walking by the water. According to some ancient sources, the trip to the water meant, first of all, the desire to find a spouse in the near future. In such cases, instead of him, the songs often used the image of a fish, mostly pike, which the girl needed to catch. Such kinds of folk songs come to an end with something like a conspiracy quatrain.

Often images in folk songs contain absolutely incredible objects from the beliefs of the ancient Slavs. Interestingly enough, many concepts in folk texts are related, that is, they are derived from a single word, while they are expressed in images of fire, both internal and external. For example, the word "quench" is usually used as a phrase with the words "hunger", "sadness" and so on. But it derives its origin from the word "smoldering", which has a direct bearing on fire, of course. In turn, the fire symbolizes the very connection with the Slavic mythology, for it was in her that the role of the deity, and especially of the light, rose to the limit. Many other words can be referred to examples. Particularly interesting is the interpretation of the word "guzzle." It is associated with the word used for fire - "burn", and also, probably, comes from the "zhig".

A little bit about the characters

Of course, there are words and phrases that are clearly associated with us with certain images. All kinds of Russian folk songs, examples of them, show us that the grass, say, is a symbol of a girl, a lit candle is surely sadness, anguish, and torrential rain, of course, is associated with tears, crying. In the texts of calendar songs, green is often used, and this, naturally, is a symbol of beauty, youth, and spring. Researchers believe that in order to really understand the meaning of the text of a folk song, it is necessary to solve it by symbols. It is also obvious that in the course of time the mythological influence on the folk song is gradually weakening, it becomes more traditional, conveys a certain song image. Variety of kinds of folk songs. Examples of them are extremely interesting.

Songs of the Russian people

Various kinds of folk songs appear in Russia on the basis of the folklore of the Slavic tribes. There is an opinion that for a long time, several nationalities could live in one territory, and this, in turn, greatly influenced the musical culture. The first appeared historical songs, which reflected, respectively, real historical events. Songs about specific events were called "epic". In the same period, lyrical folk songs appeared, in them the emotional state of the character was often conveyed. As accompaniment at that time, people used unusual musical instruments for us. They can include hooter, harp, zhaleyku and, of course, the shepherd's tool known to us - a horn. In our time, it is hardly possible to find the originals, because during the Middle Ages the songbooks were severely punished, and their instruments were destroyed. However, there is a lot of information about these musical instruments in the literature.

Types of Russian folk songs. Wedding Songs

This is one of the most interesting genres that open the kinds of folk songs. It is worth noting that their character was mostly heterogeneous. It can be both songs directly about the ceremony of the wedding, and about the hard female share. There were songs and prichet. Here it will be appropriate to mention other types of folk songs, examples of them are diverse ("Masha wept over the fair-haired spit"). There are also songs of mixed character, for the most part they are based on the opposition of the two main lines. On the one hand, the bride is sad because she will have to leave her father's house. Here, the rituals of the hen party, the weave of the braid, and so on can be transferred. On the other hand - joy, optimism, the beginning of a new life. The ending in such songs is most often joyful.

Symbolism

As for the symbolism, in the wedding songs the image of a girl usually expresses a birch, and often it is compared with a swan; Image of a guy - a nightingale or a horse, for example. It is interesting that in the songs a married girl from the "snow-white swan" turned into a "gray goose", with the loss of maiden beauty, purity. The girl was characterized by very eloquent epithets, she was almost always described as white-faced, ruddy, with black eyebrows and clear eyes. For wedding songs is characterized by a melodic chant, a clear rhythmic pattern, the obligatory presence of a chorus.

Magnificent and prickly

The origin of majestic songs is usually associated with mythology. This is not surprising, because such songs usually came from people's appeals to nature, natural phenomena. As for the little-known genre - the song of the songs - they are aimed mainly at deceiving the evil forces. Mostly in the majestic songs life is idealized, in the cinnamon, to the exact opposite, it is characterized by an exceptionally real way of life. It should be noted that in the subtext of the wedding ritual the song becomes more comic, a peculiar song-ridicule. Varied types of folk songs: comic, lyrical. Grade 3 in the school studies mostly comic songs, however, they are not included here, they are not so common nowadays.

The most popular songs in our time

Despite the fact that there is not much information about folk songs, we can conclude: the types of Russian folk songs are very diverse. One of the most popular species in our time is, of course, a lyrical lingering song. It can be attributed to one of the most important branches of Russian musical culture. Most often, the theme of such songs is based on the idea of love: mostly it's light, joyful tone. The girl and the guy almost always idealize: he is smart, handsome, brave, she is independent, judicious, incredibly beautiful. There are also lyrical songs about family life. In principle, such kinds of folk songs are usually studied by musicians at school.

In general, we can say that at the moment the Russian musical culture, of course, has been modernized. Russian folk songs, their kinds, a little bit forgotten. In the folk song, the text, the semantic content, came to the forefront, and now the dance component captures the primacy. This does not mean that the musical culture will eventually decline, but rather it can be interpreted as the correspondence of music, songs, and the modern rhythm of life.