Turukhansk region. Turukhansk district of the Krasnoyarsk Territory

Turukhansk district of the Krasnoyarsk Territory is one of the most sparsely populated regions of Russia and the world. The climate is severe, and nature is represented by taiga in the south and tundra with forest-tundra in the north. The population in the region is extremely low. There is no developed transport communication. Reindeer breeding, typical of the northern regions of Russia, is poorly developed, much inferior to hunting and gathering. Nevertheless, the region has significant reserves of fuel, mineral and biological resources. The extraction of some of them is planned to begin already in the near future. In the energy sector, the main development was hydropower. Turukhansk district was a source of creative inspiration for some Russian writers and musicians.

Geographical position

The Turukhansk district of the Krasnoyarsk Territory is located in the north-west of this region on the territory of the Russian Federation. The administrative center is the village of Turukhansk, which is 1100 kilometers away from the city of Krasnoyarsk. In total, there are 34 settlements in Turukhansk district.

History and demographic features

For a long time Turukhansk region remained absolutely wild and unknown place. Only at the beginning of the 17th century was it first visited by Russian geographers. The beginning of the development of the district is considered to be 1607, when the first strongpoint was established, which was near the confluence of the Yenisei and Turukhan rivers. In 1708, it was named Turukhansk. By this time it was already a city-type settlement, which became the center of development and trade at the regional level.

In 1822 the Turukhansk district entered the newly formed administrative unit, which became known as the Yenisei province. In total, it included 5 districts. Since 1898 the Yenisei province was abolished and divided into counties. From that moment, it loses its official status.

At the moment the Turukhansk region has an area of about 200 000 km ² and is one of the main districts of the Krasnoyarsk Territory. It still has a very low population density and density - only 0.087 person / km ² . The main nationalities, whose representatives live in the region, are chums, Evenks and Selkups. Because of low living standards and the spread of alcoholism, the average life expectancy of indigenous people is only about 40 years. Giant unemployment is widespread in the region, and the majority of the unemployed are not registered in the employment centers.

At the moment the head of the Turukhansk district of the Krasnoyarsk Territory is Sheremetyev Oleg Igorevich.

Natural conditions

The Turukhansk district of the Krasnoyarsk Territory is located in the western part of Eastern Siberia. Natural conditions correspond to the taiga zone. The climate is characterized by a pronounced continentality and belongs to the subarctic type. The annual amount of precipitation is 400-500 mm. Typical negative average annual temperature, as well as strong winter frosts, in which the thermometer can drop to -57 degrees Celsius. The thickness of the snow cover during the winter grows gradually, and in the first half it is often small. This is associated with the active freezing of soils, which contributes to the development of permafrost, whose thickness is 50-200 m.

Geographically, the Turukhansk region can be divided into two parts: the eastern and the western, the border between which passes along the riverbed. The Yenisei. The eastern half affects the western part of the Central Siberian plateau. The maximum height within the region is 1000 m. The western one captures the eastern edge of the West Siberian lowland.

Another natural feature of the region is the marked spring flood on the river. The Yenisei.

The severity of climatic conditions causes the widespread distribution of taiga forests in the south and tundra with forest-tundra in the north. With all this, the region has excellent opportunities for the development of economic activities, provided that the environment is treated with care.

Resources

On the territory of the district there are large reserves of various minerals, including fuel and energy, as well as a variety of biological resources.

The reservoirs of the region are home to such commercial fish species as perch, pike, burbot, dace, soroga, omul, peled, whitefish, and vendace. There are also rare species of fish, such as sterlet, nelma, taimen and sturgeon. Opportunities for extraction are thousands of tons of fish per year.

In the Turukhansk region, legal mining of elk, bear, reindeer, muskrat, furs and other game is allowed. Sable and squirrels are also possible, but the number of proteins has been significantly eroded over 50 years of increased harvest.

The Turukhansk region is rich in wild fruit plants. It is possible to harvest on an industrial scale blueberries, currants (black and red), cloudberries, cranberries, cranberries. The reserves of each of the berries range from several dozen to several hundred thousand tons. However, a small population and harsh conditions are an obstacle to their mass gathering.

Among mineral deposits, the most important are oil and gas, which are concentrated in the northwestern part of the district. Also promising for development is a deposit of manganese in the south and graphite, the extraction of which is planned to begin soon.

Economy

In the region's economy, the most important is energy, mining, reindeer herding and hunting. The largest electric power company is the Kureyskaya HPP, which produces about 2.5 billion kWh of electricity. Near the station there is a settlement Svetlogorsk of the Turukhansk district of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, which is the residence of the workers of the station.

The extraction of natural resources is dominated by the development of the Vankor oil and gas field, as well as the construction of oil pipelines and gas pipelines.

Reindeer herding takes place in the north-west of the district, where the Evenks live. However, the number of deer is only a few hundred individuals. Basically, local residents are engaged in hunting for sables, fishing, gathering.

Transport connection

The transport network in the Turukhansk district is practically not developed. There are no roads or roads in the region. As transport, helicopters and boats are used to move along rivers. Movement on the Yenisei is only 4 months a year, and for its tributaries - no more than a month. Helicopter message is possible from 9 to 12 months during the year.

Education and culture

There are 28 schools in the region, in which there are only about 2500 pupils, 17 kindergartens, which receive only about 700 children. In addition, there are 2 additional institutions - the Children's Creativity Center "Aist" and "Youth".

There are no specialized cultural institutions in the district, but the nature of the area served as a source of inspiration for the writer Vyacheslav Shishkov, which was reflected in his novel "Ugryum River", for Viktor Astafyev (work "Tsar-fish"). In the song genre there is also the Turukhansk region. The song of Svetlana Piterskaya is a vivid example of creativity dedicated to this region.

Media and periodicals

The newspaper "Mayak Severa" is published in the city of Turukhansk, which is the official media of the Turukhansk region. The year of foundation of the newspaper is 1932. Then it was named "Turukhansk fisherman-hunter". A little later, it was renamed the "Northern Collective Farmer". The newspaper acquired its modern name in the late fifties of the 20th century. Now she has an electronic version on the Internet.