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Turgenev's "Notes of the Hunter": a brief summary of the collection

Today, any educated person is familiar with the collection of short stories and essays "Notes of a Hunter" by Turgenev. However, each of them outlines their own content in their own way. One reader is more fond of the deep folk wisdom laid in "Horus and Kalinych"; Another - watercolor fleeting smears of "Beige Meadow"; The third can not distinguish something, stringing, like beads, the story behind the story, trying to catch the essence of everyone. In this article, we will try to consider what idea the book "Notes of a Hunter" expresses. Turgenev as a writer is multidimensional, so please do not take the conclusions of the article as the only possible opinion, but after reading the book, make your verdict. "Hunter's Notes" refer to the classics that should be re-read to notice new shades.

Social ideas of the work

Let us recall what social ideas contain Turgenev's Notes of the Hunter. The summary of the collection can be expressed in one sentence: a general picture, presented with the help of various mini-plots, a picture of the life of the Russian people. Serfdom has become a clear brake on the further development of Russia. And the basis for preserving this form of legalized slavery was the understanding of what the Russian peasantry is. Two political trends openly and actively advocated slavery. First, we are talking about the populist position of the big bourgeoisie (at the same time - the official point of view of power). She translated the question into the plane of psychology, ranting about the fact that landowners are fathers, and peasants are children. Accordingly, the lack of rights of the peasants "covered up" with the harmony of relations. The second point of view was expressed by the so-called Narodniks. Those hated any reforms in Russia, since the time of Peter I, idealizing pre-Petrine, boyar Russia. Both views were deceitful, it was pure water discourse, leading the public's attention away from the essence of the matter.

Summary

It would seem that lyrical Turgenev wrote Notes of a Hunter. The brief content of the book, if one starts from the title, should be completely banal: the impressions of the Oryol landowner, a nature lover who is fond of hunting. What is easier? I went hunting and hung up my gun on a nail. He took a pen and wrote another "short report". But no! The work, consisting of 25 seemingly completely different parts, turned out to be monolithic, giving a vivid and true display of the Russian outback in the mid-19th century. This is one of the most striking and imaginative books about peasant Russia. It is written so expertly that later descendants will call Turgenev's syllable "poems in prose".

The story "The Chorus and Kalinych" tells of two friends-serfs from the peasant environment. The value is that the characters are real. The village of Khorevka, the Ulyanovsk district of the Kaluga region, is the overgrown Khorya farmstead. Both of them are not "hammered" peasants, both are bright personalities, intellectually - exceeding the level of their "master", the landowner Polutykin. The chorus is a business executive, an organizer and a toiler. He and his six sons and their families jointly lead a strong, profitable peasant economy. At the same time, the Chor remains in the status of a serf, deviating from the proposals of Polutykin - to redeem himself, considering it an indecent waste of money and regularly paying double the rent. Kalinych is a man of high spirituality and intimacy with nature. He is Polutikin's first assistant in hunting games. But this is not the main thing in it. He understands nature. To squelch an unbroken horse, to start talking, to calm the worn-out bees-that's what Kalinych is capable of. It is this story that refutes the view of the bourgeois and Narodniks on the Russian peasantry of Turgenev's Notes of the Hunter. The summary of "Khorya and Kalinich" asserts, in opposition to the Narodniks, that the Russian people are not afraid of change, but go to them if they see this as practical. The bourgeois position on "fatherland landowners" contradicts the whole content of the story: both peasants are much smarter, deeper and more interesting than their master, Polutykin.

The story "Bezhin Meadow" introduces us along with the lurking in the steppe, a vacationing landowner-hunter into a boy's freeman. Children graze horses in the night, rest at the fire, talk. In their mouths fiction is confused with reality, the beauty of the steppe is with the perception of life. The artist of the word, Turgenev depicts a real, fleeting and unreasoned picture. Everyone, reading the story, finds in it analogies with his childhood, carried away into the distance, like horses in the steppe.

Limited by the volume of the article, we can only mention some other stories. Bitterness and pain sound in the mouth of 50-year-old Vlas, who lost his son, an assistant in the household ("Cowberry water"). The Barin, who was not of the breadth of his soul, not only did not sympathize with him, but also refused to lower the obrok, and Vlas's position became generally hopeless. In the story "Ermolai and Miller" we learn about the grievous fate of the miller Arina, whose love for Petrushka's servant literally "trampled" the angry landowner Zverkov. He shaved the pregnant servants, dressed them in rags and sent them to the village. The writer's anxiety is filled with the story "Knocks". The title of the story is both direct and portable. They say that if you press your ear against the ground in the steppe, you can hear the approaching or retreating horsemen. The landlord-hunter, riding on the tarantas in Tula for a fraction with the coachman Philotheus, hears such a sound. Soon they were caught, blocking the road, a cart drawn by a troika. The cart was ruled by a tall, strong man, with him there were six more men, all drunk. They asked for money. Having received - they left. Good luck turned out for the landowner a meeting with the robbers, but soon, as the story shows, under similar circumstances in the steppe the merchant was killed.

Each of the 25 stories introduces its own nuance, a shade of the picture of the national life of the "Notes of the Hunter" in the general picture. The picture is alarming. For the beauty of nature and Russian characters, obvious glaring social contradictions are seen. The whole point of the collection is reduced to the urgent need for the widest state reforms for the whole country.

Conclusion

Ironically, not ardent revolutionaries, and lyricist Turgenev turned this issue, as they say, "from head to foot". The book was relevant, it was loved by readers. Turgenev himself recalls an episode of how young people-raznochintsy, who met him at the railway station, expressed their gratitude from all of Russia, bowing to the belt.

Immediately after writing in the class class, it was Chernyshevsky, Herzen. It is difficult to overestimate the role played by Turgenev in the abolition of serfdom. Their brief content was familiar to many people, but the fact that this book was one of the favorites of Emperor Alexander II, the Liberator, is evidenced by historians.

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