Treatment of fractures. Basic principles

Treatment of fractures (shin, other bones) involves the restoration of the anatomical integrity of the structure while maintaining a normal bone form. Along with this, it is necessary to take into account a number of difficulties with which these lesions may be associated. Thus, fractures of large bones can be accompanied by damage to soft tissues and significant blood loss. As a result, there is not only a violation of the anatomical integrity of the bone, but also the loss or disruption of the function of vital systems and organs. Often, victims experience shock. Given all these factors, the treatment of fractures should be based on the performance of several tactical tasks and a number of strategic principles.

The main strategic principles include the preservation of the patient's life, the restoration of the function of the damaged system or organ, as well as the anatomical integrity of the structure, the return of the victim to their previous activities, and the restoration of their ability to work.

As tactical tasks is the provision of emergency care at the site of injury, adequate treatment of fractures in stationary conditions.

Undoubtedly, correct and timely first aid is one of the main points that largely determines the speed and quality of wound healing. First aid, on time and correctly provided, often helps to prevent serious enough complications, in particular, infection of the area of damage, re-displacement of fragments, etc.

Among the main initial activities are actions that are aimed at fighting or preventing a shock state, as well as preventing the penetration of infection into the area of damage in the open fracture. In addition, first aid involves measures to ensure the immobility of bone fragments, as well as the delivery of the victim to the medical facility.

Prevention of tissue infection is the imposition of an antiseptic bandage on damage.

Treatment of fractures is considered complete in the case when the functioning of a part of the body in which the broken bone enters is fully restored. For this, it is necessary to restore both the anatomical integrity, and the length and shape of the bone.

In the absence of bias, the recovery is mainly due to the internal resources of the patient's tissue. The doctor at the same time has the capacity to create certain favorable conditions for activating the healing process of bone tissue. Treatment of fractures with displacements constitutes a certain complexity. The success of therapy depends fully on the skills and experience of the doctor.

For the most active course of the regeneration process, for faster formation of bone callus, a fixed and densest contact of the fragments is necessary. In this regard, specialists define several principles, according to which the treatment of fractures with displacement is performed. The main ones are:

1. Giving a damaged bone position, in which its shape and axis are preserved.
2. Lock the position so that the shape and the axis do not change afterwards.
3. Before the completion of regeneration (recovery), the maintenance of the normal bone state is needed as much as necessary.

Treatment of fractures without displacement, as a rule, is carried out by conservative methods. In this regard, the first principle mentioned above does not have a significant significance.

In case of damage with displacement, in a number of cases it is necessary to compare the fragments in the correct anatomical order.

It should be remembered that treatment of fractures with folk remedies is unacceptable, since it can cause serious complications. Before applying these or other therapeutic methods, it is necessary to accurately diagnose, including the radiography of damage.