The state is on the banks of the Nile. Egypt and its inhabitants

Millennia ago, on the African continent, one of the most ancient states on Earth - Egypt - emerged.

Ancient history: the state on the banks of the Nile. Time of occurrence and first inhabitants

Egypt, like many other eastern countries, arose in the place where there was a constant source of water. In China, the first settlements appeared along the shores of the Yangtze and the Yellow River, Mesopotamia was located in the valleys of the Tigris and the Euphrates. The state on the banks of the Nile, Ancient Egypt, was no exception.

In addition to the water source, the river gave the inhabitants of Ta-Kemet (the ancient name of the country) fertile soil, which allowed to receive a rich harvest.

Egypt arose about six thousand years ago. The date of its formation, adopted by most researchers, is the middle of the IV millennium BC. E. Who inhabited the state on the banks of the Nile at that time?

At the beginning of the fourth millennium BC. E. In the territory of the future of Egypt, the European Proto-Egyptian tribes are being formed. They have already entered the period of the formation of agricultural communities. In addition, they began to engage in cattle breeding. They already had a sedentary lifestyle. The first buildings - granaries and dwellings appear.

At the end of the Eneolithic, along the banks of the Nile, there were already several protostates. This period is called the pre-dynastic researchers, since Egypt was not yet united under the rule of one ruler into one administrative unit.

Single Egypt and its first ruler

It is believed that around 3000 BC. E. The Upper and Lower realms, which had previously been at loggerheads, were united in a single state. Egyptologists have very little data on those times, so the question is controversial about the ruler who became the head of the united Egypt. They believe Menes, who, according to the ancient historian Manefon, founded a single state. Other researchers think that he and Pharaoh Narmer are one and the same person.

If there are still disputes over the identity of the first ruler of Egypt, the date of the emergence of the united country along the banks of the Nile is already established.

Natural conditions

What is it that attracted the territory of the future Egypt of the first inhabitants? First of all, it was Neal. He is the source of the fertility of the earth, a real gift for farmers. The remaining mud after the floods of the river made the soil soft, and it was easy to process it even with a wooden plow. The climate made it possible to get several crops a year.

Feature of Egypt was that all the necessary raw materials were nearby. There were almost no metals on the territory of the country, but they were mined in neighboring regions. What the state on the banks of the Nile experienced an acute shortage, so it is in the tree.

Egypt was very well located geographically. Nile was navigable and allowed to connect the country with neighboring states, for example, with Nubia.

The country on the banks of the Nile and its inhabitants. Agriculture and life of the ancient Egyptians

Despite favorable conditions and climate, the occupation of agriculture in Egypt required a lot of effort. Neil's spills left behind not only the fertile silt, but also the wetlands where dangerous animals were kept. The winds blowing from the desert brought sand, which covered the crops and canals. Agriculture in Egypt was irrigated, and for this, many kilometers of canals were built, which constantly needed to be maintained in working order. The first inhabitants of the country had to spend hundreds of years trying to turn Egypt into a fairytale place.

The main agricultural crops of the Egyptians were wheat and barley. Due to the unusual softness of the soil, sowing took place in a peculiar way. At first the grain was simply scattered across the field, and then a herd of goats or pigs was driven along it. They trampled the grains into the soil with their hoofs.

Harvest was collected early - in April-May. Collected in sheaves of corn ears threshed, again, with the help of livestock. They laid the harvest on the ground and drove the herd along it. Hoofs coped with the task and knocked the grain out of the shell.

In addition to cereals, farmers cultivated vegetables, flax, grapes and smashed gardens.

The state on the banks of the Nile was famous for its artisans. High skill was achieved by the Egyptians in weaving. They made high-quality linen fabrics that were painted white, red, blue and green. Well developed in Egypt and pottery.

The life of the country's population was simple and unpretentious. Peasants and artisans built dwellings of clay and reeds. The houses of the nobles were made of raw brick, which kept cool, or wood. Often, the walls were built around the rich people's dwellings, so that they could hide from prying eyes.

Very simple was the food of the inhabitants of Egypt. The basis of it was cereals and vegetables. Garlic and leeks were in special esteem. Meat of common people ate rarely, mostly on holidays, and in rich houses it was part of a constant diet.

Conclusion

The country on the banks of the Nile and its inhabitants are still generating genuine interest. Egypt - one of the most mysterious ancient states, the beauty of nature which causes genuine delight, and majestic monuments - the admiration of its creators.