The Red Data Book of the Tver Region: Structure and Status of Species

There are many plants and animals in the Tver region, which are rapidly declining in numbers. This ultimately leads to the disappearance of some representatives of the flora and fauna. To prevent the extinction of species, the Red Book of the Tver Region was issued. It is a list of rare plants and animals.

Red Book Edition

In the Tver region there are representatives of flora and fauna that are endangered. In 1992, the Tver Regional Council of People's Deputies decided to introduce the Red Book. It was not published immediately. Specialists needed time to compile a list of endangered objects of flora and fauna.

Published the first edition of the Red Book of the Tver region in 2002. In it, the authors made reliable information about plants and animals that are endangered or rare. In total, the list consists of 269 plant species and 201 animal species. It is also worth noting that the Red Book of the Tver Region contains photos of some representatives of the flora and fauna.

Structure of the Red Book

This document consists of two parts. The first of them is devoted to plants and is divided into three sections:

• Higher plants (includes five divisions - angiosperms, horsetail, plauniform, fern-like, bryophyte);
• Lichens;
• Mushrooms.

The second part of the Red Book of the Tver region is devoted to the objects of the animal world. You can see the following sections:

• Mammals;
• birds;
• Reptiles and amphibians;
• Cyclostomes and fish;
• Invertebrates.

On the pages of the Red Book each species is described in detail. First of all, the status is indicated, which depends on the rarity of a particular plant or animal and its prevalence. The Red Data Book of the Tver Region also contains information on the number, trends, and measures taken to protect it.

Probably missing

In some species in the Red Book, the status is "0". This designation is deciphered as probably disappeared. This means that specific plants and vertebrates are not found on the territory of the Tver region for at least 50 years, and invertebrates are 100 years old. Scientists can not prove their complete disappearance. Perhaps, somewhere in the Tver region these species have survived.

One of the apparently disappearing plants is the dapple dye. This is a perennial grass, the height of which sometimes reaches 150 cm. Serpuha dyeing previously occurred in Zubtsovsky and Rzhevsky districts of the Tver region, but due to grazing and the development of deposits of natural resources, it has not been found recently.

Endangered species

This status in the Red Book is denoted by the number "1". It is assigned to those species in which the number of individuals has decreased to a critical value. Such animals and plants of the Tver region, listed in the Red Book, can be completely eliminated if negative factors are involved.

Many plants are under the threat of extinction. One of them is the anthrodiella leaf-toothed (fungus). On the territory of the Tver region, single specimens are found in the Central Forest Reserve. Among the representatives of the animal world, which are endangered, it is possible to distinguish the ordinary median-a non-venomous snake. There are suggestions that it lives in the western, south-western and southern regions of the Tver region.

With a steadily declining number

To denote this status in the Red Book of the Tver region, the figure "2" is used. This category includes plants and animals, the number of which is very rapidly decreasing. Due to the impact of negative factors of some species, the Tver region may be lost. The Red Book, the animals and plants from which it has this status, contains important information on protection measures.

In the Tver region, the number is considerably reduced in a species such as the lepidoptera without leaf. This is a perennial herbaceous plant, whose height varies from 5 to 20 cm. The flowers near the jaw are yellow. They can see purple or pink spots. The lipid-free lipid was found on the territory of the Tver region in the form of single specimens in the Maksatikhinsky district, not far from the village of Alferikhi. Rapid decline in the number of species is associated with the management of man's economic activities, cutting the forest.

Rare

This status is indicated by the number "3". Plants and animals of the Red Book of the Tver region, the description of which contains this category, have a small number. Species with this status can have a large number, but live only in a certain place in the Tver region. Some animals and plants are represented by single specimens, but they are distributed in large areas.

To rare species in the Tver region belongs hoopoe - a small bird of bright coloration with a crest and a long narrow beak. It occurs in the Kalininsky and Rameshkovsky districts. Also, the hoopoe was occasionally seen in the Firovsky, Rzhev, and Andreapolsky districts. Accidental ruin of nests is one of those factors that make the bird seldom found in the Tver region.

Uncertain in status

This category in the Red Book is assigned the figure "4". Indeterminate by status include those animals and plants, of which there is insufficient information. Also in this category include representatives of flora and fauna that do not fully correspond to other categories.

Chastuha Wallenberg is a species that contains the Red Book of the Tver region. It grows underwater, on sandy or muddy bottoms. In the Tver region, the plant was found in the Ostashkovsky district. Disappearance of the species is associated with water pollution and turbidity.

To an indeterminate by the status of the species is the common catfish - a large freshwater sculpy fish. Its habitat in the Tver region is the reservoirs and lakes of the West-Dvina, Volga basins. Information on the number of this species of the Red Book of the Tver region does not. It is only known that fishermen rarely get catfish.

The French wasp is another species with an indefinite status. This insect is mainly distributed in middle and southern Europe. In the Tver region a wasp met in the western regions. Number is quite low. There were no negative factors influencing the reduction of the species.

Recoverable and recoverable

Several species with the status "5" contain the Red Book of the Tver region. Plants and animals included in this category are restored to their numbers for natural reasons or because of the measures taken. As an example, you can bring a long-tailed owl. This bird, belonging to the family of owls, is a rare species that occurs mainly in the western regions of the Tver region. The number of individuals decreased due to deforestation, direct destruction and anxiety in the nesting period. Now the number is gradually increasing.

It can also be noted that the rodato is rod-shaped. This species of water bugs was found in the southern part of the Kalininsky district. Reducing the number of insects is associated with the pollution of water bodies. To prevent the death of rodanra rod-shaped, measures were taken to prevent the contamination of water bodies. Now the number of species is gradually increasing.

In conclusion, it should be noted that the Red Book of the Tver region was published a long time ago. The second edition was to be released no later than 10 years after the release of the first. However, this did not happen.