The pillar foundation of the blocks with their own hands. The device of columnar foundation from blocks 20х20х40

The choice of the variety of the foundation will depend not only on the features of the future building, but also on the characteristics of the ground, which should be known before construction begins. For economical and other buildings with insignificant weight, columnar foundations are considered to be the most advantageous and most suitable.

They can be created from a wide variety of materials, and the technologies may differ, but the common feature is that the base will be the supports that are buried to the required level. Posts can be laid out of blocks that are cast from reinforced concrete. Sometimes the supports are made of metal pipes.

Important to remember

The column foundation of blocks of 20x20x40 cm does not provide for the presence of a basement. If this criterion is important for the future owner, then it is necessary to pay attention to other types of grounds. As the most suitable depth of foundation , 1 m appears, if the construction conditions require a more impressive depth, it makes sense to consider the possibility of building a foundation of asbestos-cement pipes filled with concrete. After all, the laying of FBS units to a depth of more than 1 m is a very laborious process. More impressive depth can be dictated by some construction conditions by the type of mass of the house or type of soil.

When should we abandon the columnar foundation of FBS blocks

In some situations, it is necessary to abandon the columnar foundation where FBS blocks will be used . Such restrictions are expressed in the construction of massive buildings, the walls of which are made of heavy materials such as reinforced concrete wall blocks or bricks. Do not use such a foundation on those soils that have less impressive bearing capacity, among them:

• Subsidence;
• Clayey;
• Saturated.

Movable soils are also not suitable for such a foundation, because they have low resistance to horizontal displacement loads. If there are natural altitude differences in the territory that are more than 1 m, then it is required to level the ground in advance.

Scope of use

The column foundation of the blocks with their own hands is built by private craftsmen. These grounds have limitations on operation and potential. They can be raised on weakly patchy soils or soils that are not prone to whipping. After the construction of the base, it is possible to build a panel building, which is usually one-story.

If you started construction in a region where coarse-grained, dense rock or sandy soils, the bearing capacity of the foundation from the FBS will be enough to build a full-fledged house made of foam concrete, a beam or a log house. Excellent for such construction boulder, gravel and pebble soils.

Selecting Blocks

Before you make a columnar foundation of blocks, you need to pick up the material. For this purpose, products with FBS marking, the manufacturing technology of which should be regulated by state standards 13579-58, are suitable. Having familiarized with the norms, you can understand that for the production process, concrete M-100 or higher is used, as well as a grid, the size of which is quite wide.

If you have a question about how to properly make a columnar foundation of blocks, then you should learn that reinforced concrete structures are quite large-sized. They are stacked with a crane, because the weight can reach 2 tons. Such blocks are reinforced with reinforcing cage from hot-rolled reinforcement of A3 grade. The diameter of the rods will depend on the size of the blocks and varies from 9 to 15 mm. If it is a question of large-sized blocks, then they can be used for tape and plate bases, on which massive brick structures will subsequently be installed.

Large-sized blocks in private small-scale construction are used quite rarely, because their weight does not allow to carry out manual laying, for this purpose it is necessary to rent a construction crane, which reduces the advantages of the base and cheapness to none. For manual laying, it is better to use PBS, which is based on expanded clay concrete. Such products differ insignificant weight, and also thermally stable characteristics. Quite often the device of columnar foundation from blocks of 20x20x40 cm is carried out for the reason that these products are the most running, and their weight is 32 kg.

Technical characteristics of FBS units with dimensions of 20x20x40 cm

FBS are excellent for creating columnar foundations, they have a nominal strength of 150 kg / cm ² . Frost resistance is quite high and is 15 cycles, and the ability to absorb moisture reaches 15% of the total volume. The thermal conductivity of the products is 1.16 W / mK. If you are thinking about how to build a column foundation from blocks of 20x20x40 cm, you should take into account the advantages of using such products, they consist in a high speed of work, as well as the possibility of using a special adhesive compound or cement-sand mortar.

All the work can be done independently, without resorting to the help of construction equipment. However, similar products have disadvantages, they are expressed in low hydrophobicity, because claydite-concrete blocks have a porous structure, as a result of which they absorb moisture from the soil like a sponge. In the long term, this can cause the destruction of the block.

Features columnar base of blocks

The column foundation of the blocks is suitable for buildings based on a wooden frame. It does not have to lay concrete, which sometimes plays a decisive role. Decking is also not required, so it is not necessary to bring a large amount of rubble to the site, this also applies to other building materials. Prepare will need only concrete blocks, the recommended size of which is 20x20x40 cm. This technology allows you to save on construction and is relevant in those cases where it is not possible to bring electricity to the site for the concrete mixer.

Advice of a specialist

If it is necessary to build a sauna, a garage or an office building, and the project is limited both in terms of implementation and financial possibilities, the columnar foundation will be the best solution. It is suitable for any other small building, in addition, the construction will be completed in the shortest possible time. You can use not only blocks, but also bricks, wooden poles and asbestos-cement pipes. Such bases have a high bearing capacity and durability. You can use FBS, which are presented on the market with reinforced concrete or claydite-concrete products of factory production. They are manufactured using the vibration-pressing method and are excellent for this purpose.

Preparatory work

If you decide to erect a column foundation from the blocks, you first need to prepare the site, for this it is leveled, free of debris and remove the top layer of the soil. Its thickness can reach a limit of 25 to 30 cm, everything will depend on the slope of the site.

As soon as the place is ready, you can proceed to the marking, for this, pegs are installed in the corners of the future building, the diagonals are measured, this will make sure that the angles are set accurately. Pegs should be located in the places where the walls will intersect, the connection of the stakes is carried out along the line of passage of the walls with the help of twine.

Excavation

The column foundation of the blocks requires the presence of wells for the installation of poles. To do this, it is better to use the manual drill, having deepened to the desired mark. You can expand the pit with a shovel. When using concrete blocks with the above dimensions, the borehole dimensions should be as follows: 50 x 50 cm. Depth will depend on the climate in which the construction is carried out.

It is important to take into account the depth of freezing of the soil. If in your region it is 50 cm, then it is necessary to deepen the borehole by 90 cm. Once the wells have been formed in all corners, it is necessary to dig the wells at the intersections of the walls. Then the grooves should be located under the future walls, the distance between the pits should be 2 m. If you decide to erect the columnar foundation from the blocks, then in the next step you can proceed to the formation of the pillars.

Work on supports

Crushed stone is poured into the bottom of each pit, which will serve as a drainage layer. This is especially important during seasonal temperature changes. Once the preparation is completed, you can make a pillow from the solution on which the first blocks are installed. The next two need to be laid from above, placing them perpendicularly. The less you make a seam between the stones, the more reliable the base will be.

Pillars should be raised so that they rise 30 cm or more above the ground. It is important to control that the surface of such supports is horizontal. After laying all the pillars they need to be protected by a layer of waterproofing. This will protect the base from moisture, which can wash the solution out of the masonry and destroy the blocks under the influence of low temperatures.

Conclusion

If you still can not decide whether to build a shallow columnar foundation from the blocks, you should think about the fact that the hydrophobicity of these products can be minimized by waterproofing the base. The minimum distance between supports should be 1.5 m. And if the construction is conducted on a problem ground, the step can be reduced to 1 m.