The main members of the sentence constitute the subject and predicate. Features of their selection

The main members of the sentence constitute the subject and the predicate, the secondary members are the definition, circumstance and complement. However, such a division, which has become traditional, presupposes a rather high level of abstraction, because to discern the difference it is necessary to distract from many linguistic facts. Let's try to identify the main members of the proposal.

We cut off communicative arrangement

First of all, it is necessary to cut off the communicative arrangement of a sentence, connected with a specific speech situation. On this side, the difference between the minor and the main members is not significant, since any of them, and not just the main one, can be more important in this aspect. So, when answering the question "When did Pyotr Petrovich arrive?" In the sentence "Petr Petrovich arrived the day before yesterday" the more significant will be "the day before yesterday", which is secondary. From the communicative point of view, not always are the main members of the proposal. They are sometimes secondary.

We reject the semantic factors

To determine the main terms of the proposal, it is necessary to drop all factors that are related to its meaning. The definition of a subject and a predicate in traditional boundaries does not take into account the fact that not with each of their lexical expressions or the principal term in some single-ended one can an unspoken sentence arise. For example, it is difficult to use in the speech such of them as "He found himself", "He lost", "The apartment is made up", etc.

Analysis, thanks to which the main members of the proposal singles out the Russian language and others, secondary, does not take into account all such facts. This is because it is directed not at the speech lexical unit, but on its abstract scheme. Therefore, for these purposes, it is unimportant that circumstance that often secondary is mandatory, as they specify or fill in the vague or defective main members of the proposal.

They form the division of the members of the sentence, abstracting, for example, from the fact that, by semantic arrangement, the secondary can be as necessary as the subject and predicate. This must be borne in mind when analyzing.

The concept of main members

The main members of the sentence constitute the subject and predicate. The allocation of these is traditionally in the formal sphere. Only here is the difference of the nominative case of the subject from other indirect cases, peculiar to additions to the meaning of the subject. It consists in the fact that the given form (that is, the subject) is in interaction with the predicate, and not one-sidedly dependent on it, which is observed in all forms of other, indirect cases (including subjective meaning).

Subject matter

The subject does not only depend on it, but also determines the form of the predicate in relation to categories of gender, number and person. This invariable rule offers us the Russian language.

The main members of the sentence include a noun in the nominative (subject), which is in interrelation with the predicate. This is because it participates in the formation of the predicative center of the whole sentence.

Predicate

A predicate as a member has two attributes: it is the carrier, the spokesman of predicativity, and agrees with the subject. Observing how it expresses predicative categories in different sentences contributed to the creation of a detailed theory about the types of the predicate, thanks to which the ideas of creating a list of various structural schemes of the sentence in relation to the two-part set were realized in many ways.

Types of predicates

There are simple and compound, as well as verbal and nominal predicate. A verbal can be either simple or composite, and a nominal is always a composite. All these types are the main members of the sentence. The subject does not have such a separation.

A simple predicate consists of just one component. It can be a conjugated form of a verb or its substitute, an infinitive or a verbal interjection.

One-sentence proposal, allocation of its main member

The idea that the predicate is a member of a sentence that depends on the subject and therefore necessarily presupposes its presence, served as the basis for singling out yet another major member of the proposal, the third in the bill, which is called the main member of the single-sentence proposal.

It has long been noted that there are some of them where only one main member is possible. However, only AA. Shakhmatov in one type, called "one-part" sentences, combined all similar cases and contrasted them with "two-part", in which the subject and predicate are necessarily present.

In a single-sentence sentence, the principal term is a special phenomenon of syntax, since it alone constitutes the predicative basis of the whole sentence as a whole. That is, like a predicate, he is the bearer of such a property as predicativity. Similarity with it is also evident in the fact that this member has the same types as the predicate. However, unlike the latter, the form of which depends on the subject by some of its sides (gender, number, person), in the one-part sentence, the principal term does not conform in form to any of them, since it is absolute definable, peculiar only to a single-sentence sentence.