LawHealth and Safety

The main concept of quality and quality attributes

Quality is the most important consumer characteristic of a good or service. The required level can be achieved on the basis of criteria determined by the enterprise itself, or, for example, those contained in state standards. In some cases, the relevant indicators are formed based on the expectations of the consumer. What is meant by the term "quality" among Russian experts? What are its main features?

Determination of quality

The concept of quality, many researchers associate with a set of certain properties, appearance, conditions of use of the goods, which characterize the product in terms of its purpose. The corresponding characteristics also form the requirements that the product must meet, both at the level of the project documents and in the aspect of the actual consumer properties of the already manufactured product.

Quality and market

In a market economy, the concept of quality largely correlates with the laws of demand. That is, the relevant characteristics of the goods are determined primarily by the consumer. If the manufacturer meets these expectations, then his goods will be bought. However, great value in this formula of communications has a price. The fact is that the high quality of the goods, as a rule, involves significant costs for the manufacturer to develop the necessary concept of the product, to purchase the necessary materials, to control the release and acceptance of the product. Therefore, the high quality of the product most often means its subsequent sale in the relevant price segment. The question is whether the buyer is ready to purchase the product, albeit qualitative, at a fixed price.

Quality indicators

The concept of quality involves determining the characteristics of goods, based on certain indicators. Among them are:

- criteria for the purpose of the product;

- indicators of product reliability;

- characteristics of the product in terms of standardization;

Ergonomic criteria;

- aesthetic indicators;

- characteristics of the product in terms of compliance with patent law and legal acts in the field of intellectual property protection;

- environmental criteria;

- characteristics in terms of product safety.

We will now study how the evaluation of the quality of the goods can be carried out.

Quality assessment: objective methods

It can be produced on the basis of a wide range of methods. Consider the most popular.

So, there are objective methods of determining quality.

Among these is the measuring one. It involves the identification of numerical quality indicators. It is based on information that is formed when technical tools and other measuring instruments are used (for example, chemical reagents). The use of resources is carried out taking into account the established methodology for assessing quality. By measuring, you can identify the external characteristics of the product or some of its operational properties. The concept of product quality is associated with the need to accurately determine the relevant parameters. The measuring method in this sense can be irreplaceable. Accuracy is its main virtue.

There is a registration method by which the quality of the goods can be evaluated. It is based on the observation and subsequent calculation of the number of events, precedents, manufactured goods, or costs associated with their production. Through the registration method, you can determine, for example, the number of incorrect triggers at the start of the mechanisms that are present in the product. Also, when the instrument in question is used, it is possible to classify products into one or another kind, for example, first-class and second-rate.

In some cases, a calculation method may be used. The concept of quality can be connected, as we noted above, not only with finished products, but also with the stages of its design development. The calculation method, therefore, can be used to simulate the quality of the finished product at the time of its design. The initial data using the appropriate tools can be information resources (for example, technical characteristics of individual parts or mechanisms that are present in the structure of the product) or materials that have specific properties (which, in turn, can be a significant factor in the formation of operational properties of the product).

Heuristic methods

The concept of product quality can also be associated with the use of heuristic methods in determining the relevant characteristics of the product.

Among such organoleptic. It involves determining the quality of goods, in which the main role is played by the human senses. When the organoleptic method is used, the smell, taste of the product, and some of its physical properties are examined. If necessary, the person who studies the goods can use auxiliary equipment: microscopes, gas analyzers, microphones, etc.

Among other heuristic methods expert. The concept of quality of goods also implies its regular use to determine those or other characteristics of the product. The main role in the use of the appropriate method is played by experts - people who have a specialized education or the necessary experience in determining the required product parameters. The opinion of these specialists can play a decisive role, and can perform an auxiliary function. In some cases, the evaluation of experts is of decisive importance when comparing the results obtained with the help of other heuristic or objective methods of researching the quality of goods.

Heuristic methods also include sociological, despite the fact that in many ways it is similar to those that are classified as objective. So, the results of sociological surveys, in fact, are recorded through registration approaches. However, the interpretation of the results obtained corresponds to heuristic criteria.

The concept of the quality system of goods at an enterprise most often involves the use of several methods at once, as well as others that are common in research communities. Everything depends on the specifics of the specific product and the characteristics of its production conditions at the enterprise.

Quality criteria

The definition of the concept of "quality", as well as some of its possible indicators, we investigated. We now study the key varieties of criteria within which the relevant product characteristics can be determined. The concept of a quality level involves examining the characteristics of a product that is classified in several key categories.

So, there are generalizing criteria. These may include, for example, the dimensions of the product, its volume, grade, material of manufacture. The considered criteria are generalizing, since the corresponding parameters can be exactly the same for a group of products. While each of them can be characterized by the specifics of the internal structure.

There are complex criteria. They assume that several characteristics of the product will be taken into account at once, which are related to each other. This can be, for example, the ability of the product to function through several power sources, for example, from the outlet and from the battery. Evaluation of the quality of goods can be made, on the one hand, based on the possible number of hours of battery life, as well as the rate of charging of batteries.

There are, in turn, single criteria for the quality of goods. They can be classified into those that characterize the product in terms of reliability, level of manufacturability, ease of use, standardization or, for example, economic efficiency. As a rule, these criteria are sufficiently isolated. Although, of course, some of them can be viewed in a single context.

For example, a high-tech product in many cases implies the comfort of using it. But this is not always the case, since by technologicality can be understood not only the way to manage the product, but also the materials of its manufacture. It may well be that the less qualitative product from the point of view of the goods used in the production of raw materials is more convenient to use than that made of high-tech materials.

Quality management system in the enterprise

The concept and quality indicators in modern enterprises, as a rule, take the form of a system. That is, the requirements for certain characteristics of goods are stable, they are reproduced over time. As a rule, they are fixed in standards and norms. The systematic nature of quality control at enterprises ensures the consistency of output of goods that meet the required consumer properties. The existence of uniform norms and standards makes it possible to increase the economic efficiency of production. Standardization can also be carried out at the level of legal regulation. The corresponding criteria, therefore, become mandatory not only for a particular enterprise, but also for a single industry or the economy of the state as a whole.

The concept of product quality management involves a multistage control of the release of goods for compliance with standards and norms that are approved by the state, industry or local sources of law. Investigation of the relevant characteristics of the goods can be carried out both at the stage of its development (we spoke about this earlier), and in the process of its production or at the acceptance. Subjects of product quality control can be both internal corporations and state bodies.

Priorities of the state and business

At the very beginning of the article we noted that the quality of goods produced by enterprises in a market economy largely correlates with the laws of demand. On the one hand, consumers can form a set of criteria, which according to their expectations must correspond to the products produced by this or that brand, on the other - the customer expects the goods at an acceptable price. In this regard, the need for standardization of business processes, as well as in ensuring quality control of manufactured products, appears in commercial enterprises for understandable reasons. If the firm does not perform the necessary standardization and monitoring of production, it will simply prove to be uncompetitive.

But what can be the state's interest in standardizing the quality of goods produced by commercial enterprises? It can be explained by several reasons.

First, the standardization of goods for the state is a social necessity. The fact that the consumer, while waiting for the required level of quality of certain products, communicates his opinion to the producer indirectly, through market demand mechanisms. The state, in turn, facilitates communication between the consumer and the supplier at the level of objective information messages in the form of laws in which the standards are prescribed. Matching them will help the business to deliver to the market goods that are so necessary for people.

Secondly, the state in most cases - the subject of international relations. Its task is to ensure the competitiveness of the national economy. The introduction of standards at various levels of production may well contribute to this. The fact is that individual enterprises do not always have the opportunity to access the necessary criteria for the competitiveness of business processes. In turn, specialists who develop state standards, as a rule, know the essence of the necessary requirements perfectly.

Third, standardization is important for the state in ensuring the sustainability of the branches of the economic system, primarily industry. If each enterprise will produce goods according to its norms, then the buyers of such products may be much less than if the company adhere to state standards in production: the parameters of the corresponding products may simply not be compatible with those that the consumer needs. The norms prescribed in the laws form, as a rule, uniform for the whole industry or even the market as a whole, the compatibility criteria for products. This unification facilitates communication between producers of goods and their consumers, and as a consequence, ensures the stability of the country's economic system as a whole.

Quality of services

So, we studied the basic concepts of quality, characteristic for the production sphere. But there is a large number of other activities of modern man, in relation to which the term in question is applicable.

So, if we talk about business, there is the concept of quality of services. Their provision is very different from the supply of goods, in spite of this, the criteria for assessing the corresponding characteristics can largely coincide. As well as methods.

Services, unlike goods, it is rather difficult to characterize by external signs. The fact is that the object of their provision in most cases perceives the result of the activity of the service provider quite individually. Standardization of services is quite a framework. And in this sense, a possible deviation of an enterprise from desirable norms may already be a factor in increasing competitiveness. Hairdresser, offering the client a creative haircut, which was not previously known in the salons, can dramatically increase its popularity among consumers.

Regarding the service sector, quality factors, as in the case of the production of goods, are largely determined by the laws of demand. However, the specific needs of the client, the service provider, most often learns individually, rather than on the basis of average preferences based on individual wishes declared by individual clients or norms fixed at the level of state standards. The service provider has in many cases greater freedom of price formation, which is usually limited only by the level of competition in a given segment of the market, or, if the capacity of the segment is small, the level of demand that depends on the solvency and other social characteristics of the target audience of consumers.

Social aspect of quality

There is the term "quality of life". The concept is very ambiguous interpreted by researchers. Some experts believe that it directly correlates with the level of a person's income. Other researchers believe that the "quality of life" is a more ecological concept that relates not so much to the economy as to the environment. Some experts consider the corresponding term from the point of view of the perfection of social institutions. So, the concept of the quality of education, the level of development of medicine, laws adopted in the state, can be directly related to the category in question.

There are psychological interpretations of the term in question. So, there is the concept of "quality of personality". Their interpretation in a number of cases can be completely subjective. Personal qualities are an evaluation category. The same psychological characteristics can be interpreted by different people in a different way, based on a personal vision of their usefulness and significance for a particular subject of society.

Similar articles

 

 

 

 

Trending Now

 

 

 

 

Newest

Copyright © 2018 en.birmiss.com. Theme powered by WordPress.