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The main categories of pedagogy are ... The concept of pedagogy

In this article, we will reveal to you the concept of "pedagogy" and what it does. Even if you are not a teacher, you will become a parent in the future, and it will be useful for you to learn that the main categories of pedagogy are very important factors that you need to work on. Moreover, it is necessary not only to know what these categories are, but also to understand what they are and in what they express themselves. Here for this introduction we have prepared this material.

What is pedagogy?

Before we study the basic categories and concepts of pedagogy in higher education, and we are interested in this particular sector, we will understand what "pedagogy" is. This science, as a separate structure, arose relatively long ago. We understand that as long as a person lives and develops, the experience of all people around him is transferred to him. With each generation, this experience was updated, and new achievements were accumulated. In the end, all knowledge about how to properly educate and educate a person and a person is identified in a separate science, which we know as "pedagogy". It is worth noting that it summarizes many sciences of a natural and social nature, and is a compilation for everything that studies the process of personality formation.

History of occurrence

The very word "pedagogy" came from the Greek word "child" - paidos and the words "to lead" - ago. Already the name itself hints at the fact that science is studying the ways of forming a person's personality, starting from childhood. Since ancient times, teachers have been engaged in what we now call pedagogy. In those hours, such a craft could only deal with respected people, mostly monks and priests, and in some countries government officials. In Russia such a person was called a "master", and there were no separate establishments where specialists of this profile were trained.

Later, when a separate science was singled out, and its leaders began to prepare purposefully, they began to closely analyze the discipline in part. Highlighted the main categories of pedagogy of higher education. These categories we will consider each in detail, in order for the reader to understand what they differ and how they interact.

Main categories and concepts of pedagogy

So, among them there are three most important:

  1. Education.
  2. Education.
  3. Training.

Each understanding person, after reading these three concepts, immediately realize that they are closely related. If we talk about education in general, it is a thoughtful and planned process of becoming a personality, giving it a form. It passes under the influence of many surrounding factors and can be different.

As for education, in time it becomes an integral part of the process of educating a person. We know that this is a voluminous, but short-lived period, when a person absorbs necessary knowledge, acquires skills and masters skills, and develops his special abilities. But how does a person receive education? Of course by training. And now we see one more connection. Training is seen as working in a pair of teacher and student, when the first instills some knowledge, and the second assimilates them. And now let's talk more about each of the categories.

Education

We have already named the main categories of pedagogy, their relationship and how one proceeds from the other and is part of the third. If we talk separately about education, then there is also bilateral work. On the one hand, the "educator" is obliged:

  • Transfer all the experience that has been accumulated by the human race;
  • To introduce a ward into the cultural world;
  • Encourage him in every way to curiosity, independent education;
  • Help solve difficult life issues, find ways to solve difficult problems.

But not only the "educator" acts in this process. In response, it should work and the ward. Is he:

  • Gradually absorbs everything that is presented to him, draws conclusions from the experience of previous generations, takes possession of all the necessary basic cultural skills;
  • Is engaged in self-development;
  • Learns to communicate with people and behave in different situations and in different environments.

And only with full interaction, a positive result is possible.

Consider several education spectra:

  • Wide - here the impact on the pupil is provided by the state and the educational institution;
  • Narrow - the work is conducted on the basis of the institution's staff (kindergarten, school, circle, etc.);
  • Extremely narrow - the pupil and the teacher directly interact.

There are a number of different types of education , depending on what the process is specifically aimed at, the development of what values, skills and skills is focusing. So, they sing out mental, labor, physical, moral, aesthetic education, etc.

Education

Having considered the main categories of pedagogy and the relationship between them, we understand that education can not exist in isolation from education or training. It's impossible. Therefore, this category is understood as:

  • System criterion;
  • Result of the educational process;
  • A set of education and training with the addition of self-education;
  • Mastering a person the knowledge that he needs in life.

For this purpose, many different institutions work in the world. They are divided into age categories, geographical criteria, and here we can relate:

  • Kindergarten;
  • School (gymnasium, lyceum, boarding school);
  • college;
  • technical College;
  • Institute;
  • University;
  • Academy;
  • House of creativity (everything related to leisure activities).

All these institutions succeed each other on the life path of the individual and intercept the baton. The main thing in this process is that they all act on one result - the formation of a full-fledged developed figure, a worthy representative of his generation.

Training

Describing the main categories of pedagogy of higher education and their characteristics, we can not ignore education, since this is the way a person gets education. Since training is an interaction between the two sides, we will both consider both sides. So, on the one hand there is a teacher who should:

  • Transfer knowledge to the student;
  • Share life experience with him;
  • Develop the desire for self-improvement;
  • To correct the process of acquiring knowledge;
  • Does everything that is necessary to create an enabling environment for learning.

On the other hand - a student, without a response which will not receive any good result. Therefore, we emphasize that the student must:

  • Teach all that the teacher tells him;
  • Carefully follow all of its instructions and recommendations;
  • Perform all the tasks that are necessary for mastering the subject of study;
  • Strive for self-study;
  • Initiate the search for additional information in the sources;
  • Try to analyze, think and draw conclusions.

With this interaction, we will get the ideal result of training, and as a confirmation - a diploma of education (secondary, technical, higher).

The functions of science

We understood that the main categories of pedagogy are education, education and training. But pedagogy is multifaceted and has many functions, about which it is necessary to say separately.

  1. The study of various phenomena in pedagogy, the study of laws, laws. It means that the presence of the assimilability of the experience of the older generation, the correspondence of acquired knowledge with the requirement of society and the state, etc. are tracked.
  2. Also to the function of pedagogy is the duty to justify all principles, methods and forms of educational and learning processes.
  3. It is important to study advanced pedagogical experience, and it is necessary to create a new theory on its basis.
  4. A research function is considered a useful function. Here the role is played by the ability not only to come up with a certain scheme, but also to introduce it into real activity, applying it in practice.
  5. Work on new techniques. It's about how the student interacts with the teacher, what forms of communication they use, and so on.

The task of pedagogy

Now, knowing for sure that the main categories of pedagogy are education, education and training, we can formulate the main task of pedagogy. It sounds about the same in all countries: Organize the educational process, taking into account the peculiarities of the historical period and nationality of a person. If we talk about more specific tasks in our time, here we can identify a few basic:

  • Improve the structure of education and its content;
  • To develop new approaches to learning;
  • Modernize the forms and methods of education ;
  • Make the process of schooling more democratic and humane;
  • Optimize the preparation of the individual for professional activity.

Preschool Pedagogy

I would like to say a few words about pre-school pedagogy. After all, our children begin the learning process in the kindergarten. So, the main categories of preschool pedagogy are:

  • Upbringing;
  • development;
  • Formation;
  • training.

We see a slight difference from the fact that we are used to reading about higher education, and it is understandable. At the initial stage of the formation of the personality of the task, there are others, and even to the main stages one must still grow up, although upbringing and training are even present there. As for development, it is due to the changes that occur with a person over the years under the care of the tutor. Formation also implies the full development of the child in the process of education, taking into account the social environment. It must be remembered that, at a young age, the beginning of the personality begins, and one should not miss this moment, and underestimate this period of a person's life.

Branches of pedagogy

Now, having read all the information, you know for sure that the main categories of pedagogy are the three main factors that we considered in detail. But apart from the categories in this science, the branches are distinguished, depending on what this area specifically deals with. The essence of each industry is clear from its name. We will not disassemble each of them, but for reference we list the most basic:

  • «History of pedagogy».
  • "Comparative pedagogy."
  • «Preschool pedagogy».
  • "Age pedagogy."
  • "Special pedagogy" (for children with physical and mental disabilities).
  • «Professional pedagogy».
  • "Correctional labor pedagogy".
  • "Medical pedagogy".

And this is far from all the fields that are part of this science, the use of which can not be underestimated.

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