The Kingdom of Wildlife

Biological systematics is a science that develops the principles of classifying all existing living organisms and applying these principles to building an integrated system. Classification of living organisms implies their description and hierarchical placement in the system of organisms. According to one of these classifications, the entire wildlife is divided into kingdoms.

The kingdoms of living nature are the highest taxonomic categories in the system of the organic world. The division of the existing wildlife into kingdoms is considered quite justified from the point of view of evolution. According to him, all organisms are divided into two super-kingdoms (pre-nuclear and nuclear organisms), which include four kingdoms: crushers, plants, mushrooms and animals. Each kingdom in turn is divided into sub-quartes. Let's consider the main categories in more detail.

Nuclear-free and pre-nuclear organisms (prokaryotes) are organisms that do not have a developed cellular nucleus. The genetic code has the form of a circular DNA chain and is present in the nucleotide, not forming real chromosomes. There is no sexual process in such organisms. To prokaryotes scientists include various bacteria, including blue-green algae.

The other three kingdoms of living nature are eukaryotes. The first of these is plants. The most important difference of plants from other organisms is their ability to feed autotrophically, that is, to synthesize certain organic substances from inorganic substances. Green plants carry out photosynthesis, using the energy of sunlight. Thanks to photosynthesis, the gas composition of the atmosphere is maintained. So, plants are the main source of energy and food for all organisms on our planet.

The plant classification scheme is rather complicated. Initially, they are divided into lower and higher plants. The body of the lower plants is not divided into root, stem and leaf. The lower plants include algae, namely blue-green algae, chrysophytes, siliceous, yellow-green, brown, red, euglenic, green and other algae. Unlike lower plants, the bodies of higher plants are dissected into the above-mentioned specialized organs (leaf, stem, root). This includes moss-like, fern-like, angiospermous plant types within which separate classes separate.

Mushrooms - a kingdom of living nature, combining the signs of both animals and plants. Mushrooms, like plants, are immovable; They are characterized by apical growth and the presence of cell walls. From animals fungi got a heterotrophic type of metabolism, urea formation and other traits. Mushrooms reproduce vegetative, sexual and asexual. They mineralize the remains of plants in the soil. Some species can cause diseases of plants and animals. A large number of molds are used today to produce antibiotics, vitamins, hormones. It's no secret that many mushrooms are edible. Within this kingdom of living nature, three types are distinguished: real mushrooms, oomycetes and Myxomycetes.

Representatives of the animal kingdom are characterized by some common properties with plants, among which, for example, metabolism and cellular structure. Such similarities are due to the unity of origin. Nevertheless, the main distinguishing feature is food. Animals are heterotrophs, that is, they feed on ready-made organic compounds, because of their inability to synthesize them from inorganic substances. As a rule, animals are actively mobile. According to approximate estimates, there are approximately two million species of animals. Like other kingdoms of living nature, animals are divided into sub-groups, types and species. Thus, there are unicellular and multicellular animals that divide into dozens of types and species. To one of these types are people.