The Amur River: economic use and description. The Amur River - photo

The largest river of the Pacific Russia is the Amur River, photo Which is presented in the article. Its right bank is almost entirely in the territory of the People's Republic of China (the People's Republic of China), the rest is in the Russian Federation. This contributes to the establishment of relations between the two states, since in order to conduct at least one event on the waters of the Amur, it is necessary to obtain the permission of both countries.

Description of the Amur River

The length of the watercourse is 2824 km. The mouth is the Sea of Okhotsk. The water flow is significantly different from other rivers. At least a special drain and food. Due to the fact that in the summer there are monsoon rains, and the winter is not very snowy. In spring these regions are characterized by fairly low temperatures, as a result of which most of the snow and ice on the river evaporates, but does not melt. It is this specificity that influences the short duration of floods.

Economic use

An important artery of East Asia is the Amur River. Economic use The watercourse in the greater part is energy, fishing, transport and timber-floating.

• Power engineering . After the construction of several hydroelectric stations, which were erected very recently, the watercourse became more suitable for navigation. The area where the station is built is rich in iron, metals and coal. There are also forests, huge fertile lands, which are used in the conduct of agricultural activities. The Amur region is quite useful in the energy sector and is promising for industry.
• Timber and transportation . Transport on the river is poorly developed in all countries where it flows. This is due to the fact that in some zones of the watercourse there are numerous shoals that significantly impede navigation. And also the grid of paths is not very successful, which leads to some inconveniences.

On the shores of the water stream are large forests that stretch throughout the Amur to its largest tributaries. They are suitable for the withdrawal of birds.

Despite the fact that the importance of forests and transport for industrial areas is small, they still occupy the main place in the economy.

Geographical position

The Amur River, whose economic use is ambiguous, is located in the region of East Asia. The basin of the watercourse covers the forest, steppe, semi-desert and forest-steppe geographic zones.

It is formed due to the combination of Argun and Shilka. The point at which the Amur begins, it is considered to be the eastern shore of the Island of Madness. However, it is believed that the source of the water flow is a small stream flowing into the Onon River.

Part of the basin, located on the territory of the Russian Federation, is divided into two zones: the Siberian (captures the area of the Argun, Shilki) and the Far East (the site of the valley of the Amur River).

Hydrology of the river

The Amur River, the economic use of which consists of fishing, irrigation of the land, navigation, is consumed in different parts unequally. For example, near the mouth, the demand for water reaches 11 thousand m ³ / s, near the city of Komsomolsk-on-Amur - up to 9 thousand m ³ / s.

The valley of the water flow is divided into sections:

• Upper (length - 880 km, current speed - 5 km / h);
• Average (length - 970 km, water movement - from 3 to 5 km / h);
• The lower one (the length is 960 km, the current speed is 4-6 km / h).

Because of the rains in summer, the water level in the river changes significantly. In the meadow zone, fluctuations reach 15 m, in the upper and middle reaches 8 m. Due to prolonged downpours, flooding is possible. The river often spills 25 km and is held in this mode for almost three months. After the waterworks were built, the Amur River, the economic use of which was completely regulated, ceased to leave its banks.

The water flow is very rich in fish. Here lives more than 100 species, than other rivers of Russia can not "boast". Due to the fact that the Amur belongs to the transitional zoogeographical province, not only fish characteristic of other rivers of Siberia (burbot, whitefish) live here, but also those that are inherent in the Sino-Japanese fauna (cupid, yellowness, Chinese perch , etc.).