Tashkent is the capital of which country? Tashkent, Uzbekistan: map, photo

The Republic of Uzbekistan is the pearl of the East, located in the heart of Central Asia.

The country is very picturesque: on two sides it is framed by the Amudarya and Syrdarya rivers , which originate in the Aral Sea. In the north-west of Uzbekistan, the majestic Tien-Shan mountains rise, in the southeast - the peaks of the Pamir-Alay.

Republic of Uzbekistan: general information

The geographic map of Uzbekistan resembles the figure of a chess horse. The climate of the country is sharply continental, changing when moving from north to south.

For Uzbekistan, sharp temperature changes and low humidity are typical. The average summer temperature is +35 +40 C, in winter the air cools down to 0-3C. The most comfortable weather is set in autumn when the air warms up to +15 C. At this time the landscape of Uzbekistan is mesmerizing: soft sunlight shimmers on the golden domes of mosques and highlights autumn leaves. The air is filled with the aromas of oriental spices and fruit essences.

The map of Uzbekistan consists of 14 regions. In the Fergana region is a fertile Ferghana Valley. It is the basis of agriculture in Central Asia: rice, cotton, legumes, vegetables and fruits grow here. Harvest of some crops is collected for 2, and sometimes three times a year.

Uzbekistan has a diverse oriental cuisine. One pilau has about 500 cooking options. Local dishes are rich in vegetables and fragrant oriental spices.

The state language of the state is Uzbek. He is referred to a group of Turkic languages with different dialects. Tashkent is the phonetically correct dialect. The language of Tashkent is recognized as literary Uzbek.

In order to get a full picture of the country, we recommend visiting Tashkent, Samarkand and Bukhara in the Republic of Uzbekistan.

Tashkent: the capital of what country?

If you look at the state from space, you will see a bright point - Tashkent. Geographically, the city is located in the east of the country.

Tashkent is the capital of which country? It is the capital of Uzbekistan and one of the most beautiful cities of the East.

The capital of the republic is the focus of the country's economic, political and cultural life. The map of Tashkent is replete with historical monuments and squares. Thousands of tourists from all over the world visit Tashkent to admire the local sights, to look at the oriental bazaar and taste the delicious Uzbek pilaf. The city attracts lovers of history with its unique past for the Eastern civilization.

In this article we will "travel" to interesting places in Tashkent

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Geographical location and climate

In the green plain on the picturesque Chirchik River stretched Tashkent.

In the east, the Tien-Shan mountains can be seen, and in the west the yellow steppes go beyond the horizon. The area of the city is 30 thousand hectares.

Tashkent has a sharp continental climate with a lot of sunny days. In summer, the air warms up to + 40 C, and in winter the temperature drops to -3 - 5 C. Spring in Tashkent is early: the first grass starts to turn green in March. Autumn comes in the end of September. This season is characterized by a comfortable air temperature (from 13 to 15 C).

Historical background: from a small oasis to the era of Amir Timur

Before becoming the largest city in Central Asia with a developed infrastructure, Tashkent has moved from a small green oasis to a large metropolis.

The good natural conditions of this place always attracted people. The first settlers came to the eastern part of Uzbekistan 600 thousand years ago. This is indicated by archaeological excavations conducted by historians.

In the first centuries BC. The Arabs came to the territory of the capital of Uzbekistan. The predecessor of Tashkent was called "Chach", in Arabic - "Shash".

The name "Chach" is mentioned by Iranian historians in 262 BC. E. The name of the city was carved in the form of an inscription on the sacred "Kaaba Zoroaster".

8th century AD - this is the period of another seizure of the territories of Central Asia by the Arabs.

In 712, the siege of Samarkand takes place, and from 713 to 719 the Arab armies attack Chach. Completely conquer Chach invaders failed, but due to constant attacks on its central part a serious fire arose. Unfortunately, the flame destroyed most of the historic buildings. The city, known as the Chach, ceased to exist.

From the 10th to the 13th century AD. The territory of Uzbekistan is in the hands of the Karakhanids.

It was in this period of time that the survivors rebuilt the city that suffered from the fire. The first name of the "risen from the ruins" was Binket. To the question: "Tashkent is the capital of which country?" Can be answered in full: "Uzbekistan, from the 11th century".

From the Epoch of Amir Timur - to our time

Amir Timur (Timur the Great, Tamerlane) is a great Central Asian commander known for his victorious campaigns through the territory of Central Asia. Timur was a man of keen intelligence, he was proficient in various languages and knew warfare very well. Tamerlane is an important and revered figure in the Sreda of Asia, sometimes even mystical: when archaeologists discovered Timur's grave, the Great Patriotic War began.

Tamerlane conquered Tashkent in the 14th century: he skilfully moved the dynasty of Chingizids from the throne and came to power. It is clear that Timur did not confine himself to one Tashkent, he conquered territories to the north of the Syr Darya - Dasht-i Kipchak. Until the 16th century, the capital of modern Uzbekistan was in the hands of the descendants of Tamerlane.

The era of the rule of the Timur clan ended in the 16th century - Tashkent with the closest territories became part of the Bukhara Khanate.

Since the 17th century, Tashkent's connection with the Russian Empire has intensified. First of all, this affected economic relations: for the first time a commercial caravan was sent from Orenburg.

With the entry of Tashkent into the Russian Empire, a new stage in the development of the city began. Railways were built, industrial enterprises appeared, libraries and museums were opened. Significantly increased the population of the city. By the beginning of the 20th century, Tashkent had become one of the largest cities in Central Asia.

After the earthquake in 1966, the city was completely rebuilt and to this day is the largest center of science and culture. It was at the expense of the Soviet legacy that Tashkent became the star of the East. Uzbekistan would not attract so many tourists, if not for the well-groomed capital.

Tashkent: the capital, photo of sights

According to the number of cultural monuments, Tashkent is the absolute record holder of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Photos of the central regions are striking with eastern splendor. Shops with well-known brands of clothes and cosmetics coexist with historic buildings. Despite the fact that Tashkent is an eastern city, the Louis Vuitton or Escada range is fully represented.

The appearance of modern Tashkent was significantly influenced by the serious earthquake of 1966. Many historical buildings were destroyed, and then - again restored.

Despite the natural cataclysm, the capital of Uzbekistan remained rich in historical monuments of various eras. An inquisitive tourist will find both ancient monuments of the times of Zoroastrianism, and the Centers for Contemporary Art. Let's enumerate the most beautiful places in Tashkent:

• Square Hast-Imam.
• Bazaar Chorsu - a huge eastern market!
• Friday Mosque.
• Mausoleum of Yunus-Khan is a monument of the Timurid epoch.
• Independence Square.
• Botanical Garden.
• Japanese garden.
• The State Museum of Arts of Uzbekistan.

Hast-Imam Square

In most people, the capital of Uzbekistan is associated with the historical complex of Khast Imam. This is not surprising, since the square is known not only for the most beautiful monuments of Eastern civilization, but also for important historical events for Uzbekistan.

The square is the historical center of Tashkent: most of the buildings were preserved after the earthquake of 1966. About 50% of the cultural heritage of the capital of the republic is concentrated on its territory: Madras Barak Khan, Tilla-Sheikh mosque, Mausoleum of Kaffal Shashi, Islamic Institute. Al-Bukhari and the Library of Oriental Manuscripts.

Each map of Tashkent contains a photograph of this unique monument of oriental culture.

Madrasah Barak Khan is a monument of medieval culture, built in 1502 by the order of Barak Khan. The building was erected at the burial site of the grandson of Suyunidzh-khan and one of his relatives. It consists of two mausoleums - Nameless and the mausoleum of Suyunidzh-Khan. Made of beige stone, the complex is decorated with eastern molding and a large azure dome.

Madrasah is a free educational institution that plays the role of a school in the Islamic world. If a person successfully ends it, then he has the right to go further to the University. The first madrassahs were built next to the mosques, so that people could combine studying ordinary subjects with reading the Koran.

The Tillah-Sheikh Mosque

It is the religious center of Uzbekistan. It is considered one of the main for the capital of the republic. The literal translation of the name is the Mosque of the Golden Sheikh (it was built in 1856 by Mirza Ahmed Kushbegi).

It consists of a winter building, a summer patio, a utility room and a small library. According to legend, it contains the hair of the Prophet Muhammad.

In the Islamic Institute. Al-Bukhari is being studied by talented students from the regions of the country and the city of Tashkent. Uzbekistan can not boast a high level of education, but students of the Institute. Al-Bukhari is an exception to the rules.

The educational institution prepares specialists in the field of history, philosophy and religious studies. Students of the Institute necessarily study Islamic law.

The complex owes its existence to the first imam of Tashkent, Kaffal Shashi. He was a famous medieval scholar: he knew the Koran well and Muslim law.

The general view of the square is mesmerizing: it is made in azure color, and the decor elements contain traditional eastern molding. When a person first comes to the square, there is a feeling of falling into an eastern fairy tale!

Chorsu Bazaar

Chorsu is the oldest market in the city, located in the north-west of Tashkent.

During the Middle Ages it was the largest bazaar of Central Asia, located on the Silk Road. Most of the merchants who bring to the West such exotic things as silk, Chinese porcelain and precious stones, chose this place as a staging post.

Today Chorsu is a huge oriental bazaar under the azure dome. Inside the pavilions you will find beautiful jewelry, national carpets and elegant ceramic products. In the neighborhood with them, there are counters with fragrant fruits, various dried fruits and spicy spices. Uzbekistan is famous for the latest. We recommend choosing several sachets of saffron, black pepper and ginger. There are no such spices, as in Tashkent, anywhere!

Friday Mosque (Juma-Mosque)

The third largest mosque in Uzbekistan. From its dome a beautiful view of the city of Tashkent.

To its appearance the Juma-Mosque is due to the medieval Sheikh Khoja Ahrar. He was a distant relative of the Prophet Muhammad. Being a wealthy and influential person, Shaykh fully financed the construction of the most beautiful mosque in Tashkent.

A person of any religion can enter the mosque. Women should wear a headscarf, close their knees and elbows.

Mausoleum of Yunus-Khan

The most beautiful monument of the Timurid epoch. Built in the late XV century in honor of the then ruling Yunus Khan (considered one of the descendants of Genghis Khan). The monument was built on the money of the sons of Khan, after his death.

The main element of the decor is the majestic stone columns. The stalactites dangle above the arch. The front door is very beautiful - it is distinguished by an elegant molding, popular among Islamic sculptors of the Middle Ages.

Independence Square

Another name for the square is the Mustakillik square. It is the main square of Uzbekistan. On it are government buildings - the Cabinet of Ministers and the Senate. In front of the entrance to the square you will see the arch of "Good and Good Aspirations", decorated with sculptures of graceful storks. In its very center is a bronze ball. Also, you will see a sculpture of a young woman with a child in her arms - so Uzbeks portray a happy woman mother.

The northern part of the square is famous for the alleys of Glory and Memory. It is executed in the form of a park path, on each side of which there are 14 steles (the same number of regions of the Republic of Uzbekistan) with books of memory of victims of the Second World War. At the end of the alley, the sculpture of the grieving mother rises and the fire burns.

Independence Square is loved by both locals and tourists. The first likes to walk on it on weekends and on public holidays. Traditionally, this historic place is visited by newlyweds.

Botanical Garden

A unique natural monument in the very center of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Photo of the Botanical Garden is full of picturesque views and exotic plants.

On an area of about 68 hectares stretches a huge nature reserve with 4 thousand plants. On the territory of the garden you will find representatives of the flora from different parts of the globe: from Europe, from North America, from East and Central Asia and from the Far East of Russia.

The Botanical Garden of Tashkent is recognized as the largest in the Central Asian region. The territory of the reserve is conditionally divided into 5 squares - depending on the native land of the plant. Here grow rare plants that you are unlikely to meet in other botanical gardens. For example, black birch, white oak or blue ash ...

Amazing garden in the summer: here you will find salvation from the heat under spreading metasequoias or on one of the benches next to the pond. Yes, and make useful to the respiratory organs: the herbs secrete curative essential oils in the air.

But with the autumn botanical garden in Tashkent, nothing compares: a palette of colorful leaves admires. And they fall off, rustle under their feet, cling to their clothes ... This sight calms and pacifies.

Japanese garden

In addition to monuments of architecture, the city of Tashkent is famous for its beautiful Japanese garden.

Opening of the park occurred relatively recently - in 2001. People have a unique opportunity to be transferred to the Land of the Rising Sun for a while thanks to the mutual initiative of the governments of Uzbekistan and Japan.

The garden is a green recreation area on the territory of a large metropolis. Here you will find everything you need for a relaxing holiday - from the variety of Japanese plants and ending with tea houses.

Traditionally, anyone who wandered into a Japanese garden must necessarily twist the Japanese drum (so that the Gods know about his good intentions) and drink a cup of real Japanese tea.

Here you will see the marriage ceremony - the garden is fondly loved by happy newlyweds.
The atmosphere of the park offers peace, tranquility and contemplation. Here, far from noise and tourists, you will have the opportunity to understand the essence of Eastern philosophy.

Center for Contemporary Art

In addition to luxurious mosques and picturesque gardens, the city of Tashkent is not deprived of modern art.

One of the places where you can enjoy the works of young artists is the Center for Contemporary Art. Here exhibitions of contemporary Uzbek and foreign artists are held.

In the Center you will also see works of art of the twentieth century - paintings and antiques. About 50 interesting shows are held each year.

There are thematic lectures for students and all comers.

Project managers print posters and even publish their own newspaper!

The place will be to the taste of modern youth and lovers of new trends in art.

What to bring from Tashkent?

Shopping in Tashkent is a separate topic, which you can talk about for a long time. We will try to describe succinctly what it is worth to bring from the capital of the republic and where to buy it.

To have time to go around shopping and choose your favorite souvenirs and things, it will be enough for one day.

In Tashkent, you can find everything: from the clothes of famous brands and ending with authentic national decorations.

For fans of brands Kenzo, D & G and Calvin Klein there are boutiques "Snob's Platinum" and Mir Store.

Also in Tashkent, Mega-Planet is presented with mass brands of clothing, footwear and cosmetics. On the top floor there is a cinema with films in Russian. In Mega-Planet it is possible to have a tasty and cheap lunch or dinner. In the summer season it is worth to take freshly squeezed juices and local ice cream. For lovers of sweet there is a department with oriental sweets.

Now go to the markets. They can be found on those things that are characteristic only of Tashkent. These include:

• Oriental sweets;
• Spicy spices;
• dried fruits;
• The national Uzbek headdress-skullcap;
• clay dishes;
• Women's shoes and handbags;
• souvenirs
• Carpets.

We recommend that you visit the Chorsu Bazaar - so you will kill two birds with one stone: look at one of the sights of Tashkent and buy everything you need. At Chorsu, the choice of souvenirs, spices and dried fruits is amazing - which you just will not see in this huge bazaar under the azure dome.

Remember that bargaining in the eastern markets is appropriate!

Tashkent on the world map is just a small point of the Asian continent. But if you are interested in the history of this "point", you will get a lot of printed book pages. The history of Eastern civilization is inconceivable without the city of Tashkent and the most interesting historical figures, somehow connected with it.

If your child once asked: "Tashkent - the capital of which country?", Then read this article to him safely.

Today Tashkent is a large metropolis with a very interesting past. About it you can read a lot, study the history of its attractions and watch movies. But best of all - one day to visit the Republic of Uzbekistan and its amazing capital.