EducationSecondary education and schools

Systems that unite all organs: the basic physiological and functional systems of living organisms

Systems that unite all organs are also called functional systems. Such structures in plant and animal organisms exist in order to fully fulfill their role.

What is the system of organs

Systems that unite all organs represent their totality, arising for the realization of their common function. Very often individual structures of the body can not fully fulfill this or that role. Therefore, bodies are combined into systems. They are quite diverse in their structure. For example, systems of animal organs read more than ten and provide the work of the whole organism.

Systems of internal organs of animals

A distinctive feature of animals is the ability to heterotrophic diet and active movement. They are represented as single-celled, and multicellular forms. Systems of organs (the table below contains information on the main features of their structure) have a certain specialization. However, some of them perform several functions at once. For example, the respiratory and circulatory perform gas exchange in the body.

Organ systems: table

Features of the structure of animal organs systems are given in the following table.

Name of the organ system The organs that make up the systems

Performed functions

Musculoskeletal Skeleton (may be external and internal), muscles and ligaments The movement of individual organs and the whole organism in space
Circulatory Heart and blood vessels Gas exchange, formation of immunity, body protection
Respiratory Aquatic animals are represented by gills, near terrestrial ones - by light and airways Execution of gas exchange
Excretory Excretory ducts, Malpighian vessels, in chordates - kidneys, ureters and bladder Derivation of metabolic products from the body
Digestive Digestive tract and glands: salivary, pancreatic, liver Splitting and digesting substances
Sexual Sex glands, ducts and cells - gametes Reproduction of your own kind
Nervous Dorsal and cerebrum, as well as cranial and spinal nerves Implementation of the relationship of the organism with the environment
Endocrine Glands of external and internal secretion and excretory pathways Humoral regulation of body functions
Lymphatic system Lymphatic vessels and nodes Maintaining the constancy of the internal environment of the body, the formation of immunological reactions
Sensory Receptors, nerve fibers, brain centers Perception of information from the environment

Systems of animal and plant organs: main differences

And now let us consider the general plan of the structure of multicellular plant organisms. They, like animals, consist of cells that combine into tissues. Here the first difference. In plants, specialized organs form integumentary, basic, mechanical, conductive and educational tissues. In animals they are different. These are epic, connective, muscular and nervous. Accordingly, the organs that they form will differ in their structure and functions.

The next difference lies in the fact that plants do not distinguish systems. Speaking of their structure, they call the underground organ - the root, and also the part that is on the surface - the escape. The latter, in turn, consists of a stem and leaves. Systems that unite all organs of animals are not only physiological, but also functional systems.

Systems that unite all organs

As a result, all systems are united in a single and global, which is called a living organism. In humans, the regulation of its function is carried out in two ways: nerve and humoral. They have different mechanisms and speed of impact. Nervous regulation is carried out by the organ system of the same name. Its initial link is the receptors. With their help, the body perceives a variety of information, which is subsequently transformed into impulses and transmitted to the appropriate departments of the central nervous system. There, the response of the organism is formed, arriving in a backward direction to the working organ. The work of this mechanism lasts almost instantly. But the humoral regulation is different. It occurs with the help of endocrine glands, which release into the blood specific substances - hormones. They affect the various functions of the body. Their action is quite long. For example, growth hormone, which secretes the gland of the pituitary gland, is released in humans for 20-25 years.

So, the general plan of the structure of living organisms is the following structures: cells, tissues, organs, organ systems. The latter are combined to more effectively implement a variety of functions, providing coordinated work in general.

Similar articles

 

 

 

 

Trending Now

 

 

 

 

Newest

Copyright © 2018 en.birmiss.com. Theme powered by WordPress.