State bodies: classification and characteristics

In the world, not always existed states. Initially, people created only small social formations, solely for the sake of organizing general activities. Up to the states in the world there were tribal communities. They were small cells in which people were united by common interests or kinship. However, small social structures very soon showed their inefficiency in the regulation of large communities. Therefore, people began to think about creating more extensive public systems, which became the state.

But the key feature of any country is not its size, but the internal management structure. In most cases, it is called power. This category for many centuries has changed in its meaning. However, over time it took on a definite form. To date, the key representatives of state power in any country have official bodies. They have their own structure, powers, employees, who directly perform their functions, as well as other features. But if we take into account the Russian Federation in particular, then in our state the official departments are united in a complex system, which makes it possible to classify them.

The principle of power sharing

Before considering domestic state bodies, the classification of which will be presented later, it is necessary to highlight the main features of the principle of separation of spheres of government. After all, it is a key factor in building institutions in any power today. He was first brought out in the New Age. Its authors were John Locke and Charles Louis de Montesquieu. According to this theory, power in any state should be divided between three branches, namely: legislative, executive and judicial. That is, this principle was developed in opposition to the sole management of the state. In its essence, it is very literate, which determined its popularity. To date, the principle of separation of powers actively operates in virtually all states. At the same time, it is the key "scheme", according to which the construction of official bodies is carried out.

What are the state authorities?

An official agency is an institution established by law that functions with the purpose of implementing specific tasks and functions. As a rule, such structures have only their own powers, which distinguish them among civil organizations. The previously mentioned principle of separation of powers led to the classification of all state bodies without exception to legislative, executive and judicial. However, such a distinction is not the only one in the Russian Federation.

Features of official bodies

There are a lot of things that characterize Russian state bodies. Classification and characteristics are interrelated categories that need to be considered when studying official agencies. To date, scientists have identified the following key features of government authorities, namely:

• Organizations of this type are formed in the manner expressly established by the legislator;
• Each state body has its own competence;
• Funding of official agencies is derived from the budget of the Russian Federation;
• The activities of state bodies are aimed at fulfilling, first of all, state functions;
• In official departments, employees work, whose legal status is characterized by a specific nature.

These signs most fully characterize the state bodies, the classification of which is presented in the article. It should be noted that there are different principles for the organization of official departments, which may vary depending on the particular state.

State bodies: classification

As mentioned earlier, all official departments can be divided into legislative, executive and judicial. This sort of classification is the most common and, in fact, the most literate. However, scientists distinguish different forms of differentiation. For example, quite often the state bodies, whose classification is presented in the article, are divided into federal and regional ones. This can be found in countries where the federal system of territorial organization reigns. If you take into account the Russian Federation, then the most common is the Head of State, Government, Parliament and the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation. There is also another principle, according to which all state bodies are divided among themselves. Classification by source of formation implies the moment of establishment of the department. According to the existing state of affairs, any agency can be chosen by the people or appointed by a higher structure.

Legislative bodies

Of course, all government bodies, the classification and characterization of which is presented in the article, should be considered based on the provisions of the principle of separation of management. According to him in every state there are legislative departments. They are endowed with the exclusive right to create legislative acts and other normative documents. These include the Parliament. In each state it is endowed with its own peculiarities. In Russia, the parliament is bicameral, which again is conditioned by the federal system of the country.

Executive Agencies

State bodies, the classification, the principles of the construction of which are fixed in official regulations, have many kinds. One of them are executive structures. These departments deal with the actual implementation of legislative norms and the constitution. In the Russian Federation, the central executive body is the Government. It has an internal structure and regulatory regulation.

Judicial system

The basis of any democratic power is judicial state bodies. Classification of such structures is carried out depending on their system, which operates in a particular country. As a rule, courts are "scattered" throughout the entire state, and coordination of their work is carried out by a single, supreme body. In their work, the judiciary is wholly independent and independent.

Conclusion

So, we examined the state bodies. Classification, principles of organization and activities of similar departments were also presented in the article. In conclusion, it should be noted that the problems of official structures are relevant today. After all, the welfare of many countries depends on the quality of the work of government agencies.