Reform of the Elected Council of Ivan the Terrible

By the end of the 1540s, under the young ruler Ivan IV, a circle of figures had formed, to which he entrusted the conduct of affairs in the state. Later, the new government, Andrei Kurbsky called the "Elected Rada." The most famous of its members were Adashev Aleksei Fedorovich, confessor Sylvester, Viskovaty Ivan Mikhailovich - head of the Posolsky order, and several other noble princes.

Reform of the Chosen One

The first steps on the road to reform were the meetings of the nobles and the governor. In 1549, the February meeting was held, which was the first Zemsky Sobor. The main political strategy of the Chosen One was the centralization of the Russian state in the civilizational model of the West. The change in strategy required a series of reforms. The Reform of the Chosen One was pleased with the anti-Boyar orientation. It relied on landowners, nobles, townspeople, and therefore, and expressed exclusively their interests.

The elected parliament, whose reforms occurred in 1549-1560, implemented the transformation in all spheres of society. The changes have affected the administrative, ecclesiastical, legal, financial-tax and other systems.

Reforms of the Chosen are pleased in the legal and administrative systems

By decision of the "Council of Reconciliation" in 1549, a new set of laws was being prepared. The Corrected Code was established in 1550. Relations between feudal lords and peasants have not changed, the old norms and laws have been preserved. At the same time the power of feeders on the ground was somewhat limited, the process of forming orders was accelerated. Orders are the first functional management bodies, in charge of separate areas of state affairs (otherwise they were called chambers, yards, etc.). The most famous were Chelobitny, Streletsky, Posolsky and other orders.

At the same time centralization of local self-government was carried out. The deputy administrations were replaced by the elected administration. These and other innovations strengthened the position of the nobility in society, united the provincial nobility into service towns.

Army reform

In the mid-fifties of the XVI century, the "Code of Service" was adopted. A strict order of service was established. All landowners, regardless of the size of their possessions, became servicemen. The government of Alexei Adashev organized the archer's army and formed a detachment of streltsy for the protection of the tsar. According to the results of military reforms, tens of thousands of soldiers have armament, equipment and food.

Church Reforms of the Chosen One

In 1551, Stoglav was adopted, in which a hundred chapters were published on the answers of Ivan the Terrible about the structure of the church. Stoglav strengthened the general discipline in the church, regulated life. The king intended to confiscate the land from the church, but these were not approved by the elected Rada. The Church did everything in its power to strengthen its authority, which is steadily falling in the eyes of the people.

Reform of the Chosen One is pleased in the financial system

No administrative reforms could be implemented without restructuring the tax system. In 1550, a census of the entire population was carried out. Household taxation was replaced by land taxation. In the central territory, a tax unit was introduced under the name "big plow", its value varied depending on the position of the landowners. Payment of taxes by the population became more centralized. "Feeding income" was replaced by a national "feeding".

In general, the reforms of the Chosen One were pleased with Ivan the Terrible, which were mixed. They had a compromise character. Reforms contributed to strengthening power and improving the position of the nobility. Their implementation was interrupted due to the resignation of the Chosen Rada in 1560.