Qualitative adjectives: examples. Adjective qualitative, relative, possessive

What makes a person's speech (though written, even oral) most understandable? Without which it would be poor and inexpressive? Of course, without adjectives. For example, if you read the word "forest" in the text without definitions, you will never understand what is meant. After all, it can be coniferous, deciduous or mixed, winter, spring, summer or autumn. The language is Russian. A qualitative adjective to that direct confirmation. In order to clearly and accurately represent any picture, we need this wonderful part of the speech.

Meaning and main features

Adjective - this is the name that indicates the feature of the object, that is, its properties, which contain a characteristic of quality, quantity, belonging. For example, give a definition of color, taste, smell; Denote the evaluation of the phenomenon, its nature, etc. Usually questions are asked of him: which (-th, -th)? What is (-a, -o)? Whose (-s, -ie)? This is a significant (independent) part of speech.

The grammatical features of the adjective include:

• Variability by birth (for example, red - masculine, yellow - female, green - medium);
• Declension by case (check: nominative - sandy, genitive - iron, dative - morning, instrumental - evening, prepositional - about night);
• The possibility of a short form and degree of comparison (qualitative adjectives);
• Variability by numbers (for example, blue - only, blue - plural).

Syntactic role

• The most common position for an adjective in a sentence is definition. It often depends on the noun and fully agrees with it. Consider the sentence: There were deep tracks on the snow. Traces (what?) Are deep. Adjective is a definition that depends on the subject, expressed by a noun. Graphically denoted by a wavy line.
• The ability to move from one part of speech to another allows the adjective to be the main member of the sentence - the subject. ( For example : The patient entered the hospital in serious condition.)
• Quite often, in the structure of the predicate in the form of a nominal part, what adjectives occur? Qualitative in short form. ( Compare : He was weak from illness.) - The boy was weak, in the first case the main member is the verb, in the second - the adjective in the compound nominal predicate.)

Adjectives: qualitative, relative, possessive

This part of speech has three categories, differing in form and in meaning. Let's consider all their signs for comparison in the table.

Quality is different

A few more details should be given to the most flexible definitions in use and word formation, which are known as qualitative adjectives. Examples of their meanings are extremely diverse. They can indicate:

• On the form of the object: multifaceted, round, angular;
• Its size: tall, wide, huge;
• Color: orange, dark green, purple;
• Smell: stinky, fragrant, odorous;
• Temperature: cold, warm, hot;
• Level and characteristics of sound: quiet, loud, rolling;
• General assessment: necessary, useful, unimportant.

Additional exclusivity

There are also distinctive features that you need to know in order not to confuse the qualitative, relative and possessive adjectives. So, the first of them have the following features:

• The formation of new words with the help of the prefix "not": a cheerless person, not a cheap commodity; Or diminutive-affectionate suffixes: gray - grayish - grayish;
• The possibility of selecting synonyms: cheerful - joyful; Bright - shiny; Antonymov: cold - hot, evil - good;
• From qualitative adjectives, they start their adverbs in -o, -e: white - white, tender - gently.

More about the degrees of comparison

They also have only qualitative adjectives. Examples of the formation of a simple comparative degree: better, darker, longer. A compound comparative degree is a word combination: add "less" or "more" to the adjective: less hard, softer.

An excellent degree is therefore called, which indicates the predominance of a feature in one subject over other similar. It can be simple: it is education with the suffixes -ish-, -aish-. For example: the surest, the lowest. And compound: the adjective is used in combination with the word "most": the most remarkable, the deepest.

Can adjectives change their rank?

Again, it is worth remembering the broad abilities of the Russian language. Everything is possible in it. Therefore, there is nothing surprising in the fact that qualitative, relative and possessive adjectives change their significance in a certain context in a certain context.

For example, in the phrase "glass beads" everyone understands that we are talking about beads made of glass. But the "glass arguments" are already a metaphor, they are absolutely fragile, fragile arguments. It can be concluded that the relative adjective (the first example) has passed into the qualitative (the second).

If you compare the expressions "foxy burrow" and "fox character", you can see how the belonging of the animal housing turns into the quality of the person's nature, which means that the possessive adjective has become qualitative.

Take for example two more word combinations: "hare's footprint" and "hare's cap". Impressions of a small animal - this is not at all what a hat is from it. As you can see, the possessive adjective can pass into the relative one.