Promedol: instructions for use. Form of release of the drug, the rules of sale in pharmacies

Some diseases are characterized by severe attacks of pain, which can not cope with all the painkillers. Therefore, medical practice is widely used medicines related to opioid analgesics, which are sold only on prescription. One of these drugs is the remedy "Promedol", capable of violating at any level of the human central nervous system the inter-neuronal transmission of painful impulses. Acting as an agonist of opioid receptors, the drug "Promedol" affects the parts of the brain, changing the emotional color of pain. On pharmacological properties, this drug is close to the drugs "Morphine" and "Fentanyl", it also significantly increases the pain threshold of a person, has an average hypnotic effect and acts depressingly on conditioned reflexes. However, in contrast to the above drugs, the medication "Promedol" less often causes side effects such as vomiting and nausea, less depresses the center of respiration and sparingly exerts an antispasmodic effect on the ureters and bronchi. At the same time, it somewhat strengthens the contractile activity and tone of the myometrium.

Forms of the preparation "Promedol" and its composition

Outside our country, the analgesic "Promedol" has another non-patented international name "Trimperidine hydrochloride", under which it is used as an active ingredient for many drugs. To date, the release of the drug is reduced to three forms: pills, ampoules and syringes-tubes. The first are packaged in packs of 10 pieces and are dispensed on prescription in pharmacies, while the latter are more often used in medical institutions for injecting patients. The solution of "Promedol" is released at a concentration of 1% and 2% and contains 0.01 or 0.02 grams of trimiperidine, respectively. The drug is administered subcutaneously, intramuscularly and in some particularly complicated cases intravenously. Syringe tubes are used both in medical institutions and at home.

At what diseases can the analgesic "Promedol" be prescribed?

In order to purchase the medicine Promedol, a prescription for it should be obtained from a doctor who can correctly calculate the dose of the drug and make a scheme of treatment. Indications for the use of this drug may be various diseases, accompanied by pain syndrome of strong and medium intensity. From the digestive system is peptic ulcer of the duodenum and stomach, chronic pancreatitis, perforation of the esophagus. The medication Promedol and people diagnosed with diseases of the genitourinary system, namely acute prostatitis, paranephritis, paraphimosis, acute dysuria and foreign bodies in the urethra and bladder can be prescribed. This narcotic analgesic is also very effective in case of myocardial infarction, unstable angina, hepatic artery thrombosis, exfoliating aortic aneurysm, thromboembolism of arteries of the extremities and pulmonary artery, lung infarction, air embolism, spontaneous pneumothorax and acute pleurisy. Positive effect of "Promedol" affects and pain in people with acute neuritis, causalgia, glaucoma, lumbosacral radiculitis, thalamic syndrome and acute vesiculitis. Due to the rapid analgesic effect of the drug is used for severe injuries, burns and cancer.

Use of Promedol in childbirth

This synthetic analogue of the drug "Morphine" is used in the process of preparing the patient for various surgical interventions, as well as for strengthening labor activity. Acting like a strong spasmolytic, it relaxes the cervix, thereby provoking its opening. At the same time, this drug acts on the uterus of the woman in childbirth, somewhat strengthening its contraction, hence accelerating the labor activity. As a rule, the drug "Promedol" during childbirth is administered subcutaneously and intramuscularly into the buttock, thigh or shoulder. And only in exceptional cases, when the life of the child, the mother in childbirth, can be administered intravenously. The analgesic effect after the injection manifests itself after 10-15 minutes, after which the woman can restore her strength a little and safely give birth to the baby.

The consequences of using promedol in childbirth

In general, this synthetic analgesic is considered the safest for the mother and child in the process of birth, but do not forget about the individuality of the human body. Therefore, some women experience side effects of this medication, such as vomiting, nausea, and slowing of conditioned reflexes. It should also take into account the fact that the drug "Promedol", the instruction for use confirms it, very quickly gets into the blood even with subcutaneous injection, and its maximum concentration is reached after 2-2,5 hours. Consequently, even after 2-3 minutes after the injection of the mother, the child receives a narcotic analgesic through the umbilical artery, which will be excised from his body 7 times slower than that of the mother. After birth, these babies slowly restore respiratory function, are drowsy, irritable and often refuse to take the breast. These crumbs in the first days of their lives need special attention of neonatologists, since they may need, for example, artificial respiration or other measures to normalize vital processes.

Use of the drug "Promedol" in anesthesiology

Another area of medicine, where the drug "Promedol" found its wide application, is anesthesiology. For premedication, a person is injected intramuscularly or subcutaneously with 1-2 ml of this analgesic solution in combination with 0.5 mg of Atropine agent approximately 30-40 minutes before the operation. In emergency cases, when the patient needs urgent premedication, these medications are administered intravenously. During the surgical intervention of a person under general anesthesia, fractional doses are also administered to increase analgesia, which helps stabilize blood pressure and reduces tachycardia. For general and local anesthesia, the medication "Promedol" in ampoules is used together with anticholinergics, antihistamines and antipsychotics. For central analgesia apply a combination with neuroleptics and medicament "Droperidol". The postoperative period for some patients also does not pass without the use of this narcotic analgesic, it is administered subcutaneously to relieve pain and as an anti-shock drug.

Contraindications

It is dangerous to use any medicines without prescribing a doctor, especially such narcotic drugs as the promedol analgesic. Instructions for the use of this painkiller have many contraindications, which must be read before proceeding. It should be noted that it is not necessary to use this medication for treatment during pregnancy, lactation, elderly people and children under two years of age. Also in the instruction there is a whole list of diseases in which "Promedol" can be taken not only dangerously, but also categorically it is impossible. This list includes hypersensitivity to drug components, depressed breathing, infections, clotting disorders, diarrhea due to pseudomembranous colitis caused by lincosamides, cephalosporins, toxic dispersion or penicillins. You should stop taking the drug and during treatment with MAO inhibitors, and also for 21 days after the end of their intake. With special care, this drug should be used with pain in the abdomen of unknown etiology, bronchial asthma, arrhythmia, seizures, arterial hypertension, respiratory failure, CHF, myxedema, renal, adrenal and hepatic insufficiency, hypothyroidism, CNS depression, intracranial hypertension, severe inflammatory Diseases of the intestine.

Side effects of the drug

Given the individuality of the human body, one can confidently say that anyone, even the safest medication can cause a lot of adverse reactions. And if you consider the narcotic analgesic "Promedol", a recipe for which can only be obtained from a doctor, then his list of contraindications is even longer. So, the reaction of the gastrointestinal tract to taking this medicine is spasm of the biliary tract, vomiting, nausea, dry mouth, constipation, anorexia. If a person is diagnosed with acute inflammatory processes of the digestive system, then to the list listed above you can add paralytic intestinal obstruction, jaundice and toxic megacolon. In some people who take the drug, the senses and the nervous system can "rebel". Symptoms may be blurred vision, dizziness, diplopia, headache, convulsions, involuntary muscle contractions, tremors, confusion, drowsiness, euphoria, disorientation, depression, ringing in the ears, paradoxical arousal and other disorders. Oppression of the "Promedol" respiratory system, too, can dramatically affect the patient's well-being and lead to various problem states, even to a coma. In some patients who used the medication Promedol, the testimonies indicate a visible manifestation of arrhythmia, as well as abrupt fluctuations in blood pressure. To give a failure when taking the drug can also the urinary system, which can manifest itself in a decrease in diuresis and urinary retention. In medical practice, cases are also known where side effects of "Promedol" were detected in the form of allergic reactions, such as laryngospasm, skin rash, swelling, bronchospasm and others. And even in cases when the above described reactions of the body do not manifest, when taking the drug "Promedol" instructions for use suggest the appearance of light side effects, such as nausea, vomiting and general weakness of the body.

Overdose and the consequences of misuse of medicament "Promedol"

If this medicine is misused or if the dose is not accurately calculated taking into account all the characteristics of the patient, the consequences can be the most unpredictable. In medical practice, cases were recorded where overdose not only increased the severity of side effects, but patients suffered from depression of consciousness, acute miosis was diagnosed.

Correct actions in case of overdose

The main measures for the recovery of a person with an overdose of the drug "Promedol" should be aimed at supporting adequate pulmonary activity in combination with symptomatic therapy. For this, a specific opioid antagonist, Naloxone, is administered intramuscularly or intravenously to the patient, which must quickly restore the work of the respiratory center. If after 2-3 minutes the expected effect does not occur, repeat the injection.

Rules for the sale of the preparation and the conditions for its storage

Leave in pharmacies of the drug to the population occurs only according to prescriptions in an amount that does not exceed one full course of treatment. As for the storage of narcotic analgesic "Promedol", the instructions for use clearly regulate compliance with all conditions. In particular, the fact that the medicine should be in a place inaccessible to children if the temperature regime is not higher than + 15 ° С.