ComputersEquipment

Principles of laser printer operation

Probably, it's hard to imagine a person in the current society who has never heard of computers and peripheral equipment for them. To date, these devices have become almost indispensable in the lives of modern consumers. One of the auxiliary elements for quick and convenient operation are printers. Typically, this technique can be found in almost every office, but for home use, its acquisition is much less common. Nevertheless, many people know about the existence of these devices, but not all understand the principles of the printer.

There are two main types of printers - inkjet and laser. The principles of the laser printer, of course, do not look like the principle of the inkjet printer, as they have different design. To date, consumers prefer to choose models with laser print, arguing it with higher quality. Of course, such models have a much higher cost, but if there is a constant need for a quality image, then the price goes to the background.

So, what are the principles of the laser printer? First of all, it should be noted that they are based on the design features of the device. The necessary image is printed by electrophotographic technology. It consists in the fact that each point on the sheet is located in a specific place on the page by changing the electron charge on a special film. It, as a rule, consists of a semiconductor capable of changing the electrical conductivity under the action of radiation. The same technology is usually used in Xeroxes.

Whatever the principles of the laser printer, nothing would have happened without a rotating drum, which is the main constructive element of the entire device, because it is with its help that the image is transferred to a sheet of paper. It is a certain cylinder of metal, which is covered with the very special semiconductor film. First of all, the surface of this drum is charged with positive or negative ions.

Then, using a laser, a very thin light beam is created, which moves along the drum, reflected from several lenses and mirrors. A point light that hits a drum surface discharges it at the point of contact. The laser is usually controlled by a microcontroller that turns it on and off if necessary. Usually, the formation of the image on the drum occurs line by line. At the end of the compilation of the picture in one line, a special motor, also called a stepping motor, rotates the drum lightly to allow the laser to continue working. Thus, an image appears on the surface of the cylinder, consisting of charged points. These points alternate with discharged, located in those places where there should be no image.

At the next stage, the principles of laser printer operation imply the direct application of an image onto a sheet of paper. Before that, toner, having an opposite charge, adheres to the charged places on the surface of the drum. The drum rotates slowly so that the paint is evenly distributed. Continuing to rotate, the cylinder with the toner applied on it touches the surface of the paper, as a result of which the ink is transferred to the sheet.

Then the paper must pass between the two shafts. As a rule, the upper shaft has a high temperature, and the lower shaft presses the sheet to the upper one. Thus, the paint particles are heated and fixed on the surface of the paper. Lastly, the drum is cleaned of the toner debris with a special device, and then the entire surface is recharged.

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