Preparation "Ketamine": instructions for use, description, composition and reviews

In order to conduct any surgery, the doctor needs a special drug that has an analgesic effect. That is, an anesthetic is needed. One such is Ketamine. Instructions for use of this drug should be carefully studied before it is administered to the patient.

General description and composition of the medicine

A substance is a liquid that has little or no color. In 1 ml of this agent contains 57.6 mg of ketamine hydrochloride. Other ingredients include benzalkonium chloride, sodium chloride , and injection water.

The drug is used for intramuscular or intravenous administration. If it is necessary to use "Ketamine", the instructions for use indicate such forms of release:

- Ampoules, with a total content of at least 2 ml. The package contains 5 bottles.

- Bottles of 5 ml.

Pharmacological action of the drug

The substance presented has a good analgesic effect, which, however, does not last long. In addition, "Ketamine" (the instruction for the use of the product is in the package) can not provide the proper level of anesthesia for abdominal operations. During the reception of the drug, consciousness is not completely inhibited, and the swallowing, cough and guttural reflex is preserved. After the administration of the drug, the following symptoms are observed in patients: increased blood pressure, myocardial contractility. The tonus of the skeletal muscles in this case does not decrease.

After the end of the drug in a person there is drowsiness, which can provoke the appearance of hallucinations, very bright dreams. In addition, after the anesthetic effect is completed, the patient may be disoriented in space. This period can last up to 8 hours. If you take the substance together with neuroleptics, then all these effects reduce their intensity and brightness. The maximum period of validity is 2-3 hours.

With intramuscular injection, this effect can be increased. The effect of the drug begins after 10 minutes. It should be noted that a drug in a dose of 1 mg / kg can inhibit the creation of only 6 minutes. In order to achieve a 25-minute anesthetic action, it is necessary to administer 4-8 mg / kg. "Ketamine" (instructions for use - this guide to action) is well distributed throughout the body and penetrates the blood-brain barrier. And he binds plasma proteins only by 12%. The half-life of the substance is 2 hours. The drug is excreted from the body together with urine, although a small amount of metabolites can be observed in the body for several more days.

Indications for use

If the doctor decided to appoint "Ketamine hydrochloride", the instructions for use will help to understand the indications for the use of the drug. Among them we can distinguish such:

• Conducting surgical operations, characterized by a short duration. In this case, the need for muscle relaxation does not matter. Especially it is indicated to those people who have low blood pressure.

• Transportation of patients to other medical institutions.

• Necessity of making a basic anesthesia.

• Burn treatment.

• Perform instrumental manipulations that can cause severe pain.

• The need for emergency surgery caused by traumatic shock, severe bleeding.

• Installation of the catheter on the heart.

• Caesarean section or gynecological operations.

• Surgical manipulation in animals.

Contraindications

If you are assigned "Ketamine", the instructions for use (in veterinary medicine to use this medicine is also allowed) says about such contraindications:

1. Too high sensitivity to the components of the drug.

2. Arterial hypertension, at which there is a persistent increase in pressure.

3. Myocardial infarction or angina in the past six months.

4. Too much kidney failure.

5. Disturbance of blood circulation in the brain.

6. Convulsive conditions and epilepsy, including in children.

7. Pregnancy and lactation.

8. Alcoholism.

It is very cautious to be those patients who have chronic heart failure, and who need to undergo surgery on the pharynx or larynx. In this case, the muscle relaxant may additionally be used.

Dosage and Administration

This medicine can be injected into a vein (either jet or drip) or intramuscularly. If the operation is performed by an adult, then the substance must be administered intravenously. The amount of the drug is 2-3 mg / kg of body weight. If intramuscular injection is planned, 4-8 mg / kg of weight is already needed. To continue the anesthetic effect, it is necessary to inject a solution of "Ketamine" at a rate of 2 mg / kg per hour. If a dropper is used, a 0.1% solution is injected at a rate of 20-50 drops per minute.

The description and the instruction of "Ketamine" should be necessarily explained to the parents if the operation is carried out to the child. In this case, the drug can be used as a basic or basic anesthetic. If the second option is chosen, then the drug should be installed intramuscularly or intravenously. The dose depends on the child's age and is 8-12 mg / kg for infants, 6-10 mg / kg for the baby from 1 to 6 years, about 4-8 mg / kg for older children and adolescents. If intravenous injections are used, then already 2-3 mg / kg should be administered, with periodic addition of the drug throughout the operation.

Strengthen the effect of the drug can be with the help of "Fentanyl", "Promedola", "Droperidol". In this case, the dose of "Ketamine" necessarily decreases.

What unwanted effects can occur?

If a doctor needs to apply Ketamine, the instructions for use (the price of the drug is about 150 rubles) warns you about the possible occurrence of such undesirable reactions:

• Tachycardia and increased pressure.

• Excessive salivation.

• Occurrence of hallucinations, as well as strong psychomotor agitation during withdrawal from anesthesia.

• Shortness of breath and respiratory depression.

• Painful sensations.

• There may be redness at the injection site.

• Disorientation in space.

If an overdose of the drug occurs, respiratory depression may occur. In this case, it is necessary to make artificial ventilation of the lungs. If there is a convulsive syndrome, then it can be removed with the help of such a tool as "Diazepam".

special instructions

After the administration of the drug, the patient can not engage in any hazardous activities during the day, which require increased attention. Do not drive the car at all. Besides:

• It is strictly prohibited to take the medication with barbiturates together.

• Use only a qualified doctor. You can not buy it in pharmacies without a prescription. The drug is used only in the ambulance or hospital ward.

• In order to reduce salivation, you can use Atropine.

• During the use of this medication, one should always monitor the patient's breathing, especially the activity of the upper respiratory tract, since a spasm of the chewing musculature is possible.

• "Diazepam" helps not only to reduce the likelihood of involuntary twitching of muscles, but also prevents psychomimetic action.

As for the combination with other drugs, "Ketamine" is able to strengthen the action of analgesics of the narcotic type, antipsychotics, tranquilizers and other substances that can depress the functioning of the central nervous system.

Reviews, analogues and features of storage

If you need surgery, the anesthesiologist has the right to use a medicine such as Ketamine. Instructions for use (in ampoules containing 2 ml the drug is most often used) also provides for the presence of analogs that may have a similar composition. Perhaps other drugs with the same active ingredient, will suit you much more. Among the analogs can be called such: "Calypso", "Ketanest", "Ketalar".

Keep the product in a cool place where children can not reach. The drug is produced only on the prescription of a doctor, while at home it is strictly forbidden to use it. Storage temperature should not be more than 30 degrees. The packaging of the medicine must be tightly closed. Shelf life of the substance is 24 months.

As for the patients' opinions, they are very different. For example, the effectiveness of the drug is considered a positive moment, since the patient does not feel pain. However, the consequences of anesthesia are very unpleasant. The withdrawal from anesthesia, according to most patients, is very difficult.

Now you know all the information about the "Ketamine" preparation. Instructions for use, price, reviews are not a secret to you. Be healthy!