Practical work on Russian language: what is the grammatical basis

The sentence is the basic unit of the verbal means of communication, the main subject of the study of syntax. The key semantic and grammatical center of the proposal is considered to be its predicative basis.

The grammatical basis of the sentence and its types

The primary concept of what a grammatical basis is, is given to students in primary school. More detailed and deeply predicative units are studied when passing the "Simple Sentence Syntax" and "Complex Sentence Syntax". It is then that students learn and learn to distinguish one- and two-part sentences, a complete and incomplete predicative kernel, understand the means of expressing the subject and the predicate.

To determine what the grammatical basis of each individual sentence is, it is necessary to isolate the main terms in it and indicate their means of expression. It should be remembered that in a single-sentence sentence, the grammatical basis is represented by only one principal member-the subject or predicate. And in the two-part there are both.

• One-part proposal.

One-sentence sentences are divided into names and verbs. The subject, expressed by a noun or another part of speech in the meaning of a noun, is what Is the grammatical basis (Here is the autumn outside the window, The shadow from the leaves on my curtain).

Propositions of the verb type contain only predicates. They, in turn, are divided into four types (some researchers distinguish three): certain-personal, indefinite-personal, generalized-personal and impersonal. In each of them, verbs in the form of a certain face and number perform the role of the predicate. In sentences of the last type, the role of the predicate is played by the words of the category of state (At the door they called again and again, not ceasing; In the street it frosted in earnest).

It is somewhat more difficult to understand what the grammatical basis of an incomplete sentence is. It is important to learn to see the missing subject or predicate and restore it from context. The main confusion occurs with the non-distinction of one-part and incomplete sentences. For example, in the proposal "Everywhere - puddles and puddles, melted recent snow" the first part is incomplete. From the context we can easily restore the missed predicate - they shine. Thus, in this sentence, the grammatical The basis is Subject to a "puddle", expressed by the noun, and the missed, but restored predicate "shine", expressed by the verb in the plural, present tense, third person, indicative mood.

• Two-part proposal

In a two-part sentence, the subject is expressed by any independent part of speech in the meaning of a noun or by a word combination, including indivisible, i.e. Phraseological turnover. As an independent part, the pronoun, the adjective and the sacrament, and also the numerative name are most often, except for the noun:

Animals can suffer and cry like people;

She yelled loudly and waved her hands;

The shower was filled with steam;

Arrived at night were placed in their places;

How stupid it is to shoot guns on sparrows!

Also in the role of the subject, the verb in various forms appears quite often: yawning in the face of the interlocutor is considered a sign of bad taste.

The predicate in the two-part sentence also has different forms of expression, beginning with the standard verbal and ending with nominal parts of speech and word combinations. It is important to develop in students so-called syntactic vigilance so that they can easily find and determine the boundaries and type of grammatical basis.

Grammatical basis in word formation

The concept of a grammatical basis is inherent not only in syntax, but in word-formation. In word formation, the grammatical basis of a word is a part of a word without end. It includes, first of all, the root, and then other components - prefixes, suffixes, postfixes.

The main part of the grammatical basis of the word is the root. It contains the lexical meaning of all the root words. Without a root word as an independent lexico-grammatical unit does not exist.

Thus, the term "grammatical basis" in linguistics is multi-valued and is realized at several linguistic levels.