Piling foundation: calculation of the number of piles, types, types and construction

The use of a pile foundation allows the construction of buildings even in difficult conditions characterized by weak soils, a high level of groundwater, and a harsh climate.

Need to use

In some cases, such a foundation is used when a complex relief can significantly complicate the construction task. If you chose a pile foundation, you must calculate the number of piles before the work begins. With the use of this technology, you will be able to reach and solid ground, which minimizes the impact of these factors and will increase the reliability and durability of the building. Piling of the pile foundation can be made using a grillage, which will be described below.

Types of pile foundations by type of piles

Supports under construction can be divided into different types, guided by certain parameters. For example, depending on the method, it is possible to distinguish pile piles in the role of material. In this case, wood or metal is used, in addition, reinforced concrete can be used. Such piles must be driven into the soil with the help of special equipment, namely hammers or vibrators. This indicates that there is no need to extract the soil to the surface. If you decide to equip a pile foundation, calculating the number of piles will allow you to build a quality construction that will last for a long time.

Piles-shells

It is possible to isolate reinforced concrete piles-shells, which are created under the condition of extracting excess soil, and then completely filled with a concrete mixture. The ramming type of piles is set up by compressing the soil, after which the concrete is poured into the cavity to be poured, pouring in layers. Warming of the pile foundation, as a rule, is not carried out.

Types of piling foundation by type of bearing loads and a variety of reinforced concrete supports

Considering the pile foundation, it is worth noting that there is its separation according to the types of supports, which is based on load-bearing loads. There are piles-racks that transmit tension to the ground completely, the load turns out to be a construction. It is possible to allocate and pendant piles, which exert a load on the ground by lateral faces.

In addition to the generally accepted classification, there are several types of reinforced concrete pylons that can differ in cross-sectional shape, so they can be rectangular, I-shaped, square, round, square, and semicircular. It is possible to distinguish the pile foundation by the method of forming the support, as well as the configuration of the execution. This allows you to create a single support structure, as well as composed of individual elements. Piles can have different ends, the shape can be pointed, with an expanded sole located on the underside, and also open or closed completely. If you want to achieve easier and faster driving into the soil, then you need to choose pointed, expanded soles, they will not allow the elements to succumb to forces that act in the cold time to break, as there is a possibility of pushing out poles.

What other types of pile foundation are there?

Considering the types of pile foundation, you should pay attention to what number of supports will be involved in the construction. It is important to take into account the severity of the object and the configuration of the building, according to these parameters, the types of pile supports are distinguished. Among other things, it is necessary to single out single piles that are used in cases where there is a need to transfer the load from a small building area, this is true when there are columns in the project of the house. Quite often this option is used when the pile itself acts as a column. If you decide to use a pile-tape foundation, the calculation of the number of piles by you must be made. This task can be entrusted to specialists. This base is used when it is planned to build an extended structure or mount supports along the perimeter of the building. If so-called pile bushes are used, the load will be taken by several supports, which are concentrated under one building element. It can be about the same column. You can use the pile field, this project assumes a systemic arrangement of supports on the area of the base of the building. Typically, this solution is used in those cases when the building will be heavy and large-sized. The types of pile foundations from piles, regardless of their classification, are most often used together with grillage. It is a prefabricated or monolithic structure, which is designed to combine the installed supports.

Varieties of pile foundation with grillage

The pile foundation, whose design can contain grillage, is sometimes low. It is equipped below the surface of the ground, with the possibility to distribute the load transmitted by the building over the base area. The second type of such a base is elevated, which is located above the ground surface, excluding the possibility of transferring stress to the soil. A high foundation is used in the construction of hydraulic structures and bridges in those cases when an apartment building is planned in an apartment building. As the main feature of grillage is the need to combine the concrete structure with piles. Such works are carried out by means of reinforcement construction. At the moment when the steel rods are put into the wells for support, their length should be longer than the length of the supports. This will allow to form a monolithic structure during the construction of the grillage.

Pile foundation construction

After you have considered the types of pile foundations, it is worth familiarizing yourself with the construction of this foundation. The system consists of wells, as well as waterproofing, which is based on ruberoid. From this material, the tubes are folded, which must consist of several layers. They are pulled together by steel wire, which will be part of the formwork. Warming of the pile foundation is impossible or very difficult. During construction, the pipe is inserted into the well. After the well is waterproofed, it is recommended to make a spatial reinforcement skeleton. It will consist of vertical bars of reinforcement, which are fixed with each other by cross-bars. After this, the finished wells, in which the roofing material is installed, acting as a formwork and waterproofing, are filled with concrete.

Simple calculation of the required number of piles

If you decide to build a pile foundation, the calculation of the number of piles can be made by a specialist. This number will depend on the weight and size of the building, on average the distance between the supports should be as follows. If we are talking about a wooden house, then the step between the piles should be equal to three meters. Here it is necessary to take into account the frame-panel, log frame houses and those that are built of timber. If you build a house from aerated concrete, cinder blocks and foam concrete, then the distance should not be more than 2 meters. For light fences, the pitch between supports may vary between 3 and 3.5 meters. If the wind load is impressive, the distance decreases to 2.5 m. Before you build a pile foundation, the calculation of the number of piles must necessarily be made. To do this, take the scheme of the foundation or the first floor of the building. Initially, the master must arrange the piles at the corners of the building. Why it is necessary to arrange the piles in the places where the inner and outer walls are joined, as well as the load-bearing partitions. The pile-screw foundation, the calculation of the number of piles which you can implement independently, involves the drawing up of a plan. Between the placed piles, one should note the position of the supports under the inner and outer walls so that the step between them does not exceed the one determined above, depending on the weight and type of the house. The rest of the space should be filled with supports in such a way that between the nearest piles the distance was no more than the calculated distance, namely 2 and 3 meters.

Conclusion

Among other things, the installation of the pile foundation should assume the presence of two supports in the place where the fireplace or stove will be located. The final number of piles will depend on the dimensions of the heater.