Pile-driving installations: purpose, types, application features

Pile-driving plants are widely used in construction. With the help of such mechanisms, a reliable foundation is created for the foundations of multi-storey houses. On sites with complex geology, especially where there is a pond nearby, pile driving enables to strengthen the soil and carry out construction with a guarantee of subsidence of the soil.

Appointment

Pile-driving plants are used for immersion in the ground support of various purposes. In road construction small-sized mechanisms install fences along the tracks, supports for signs and various supporting structures. In addition, they are used to equip fences, fences, lightning conductors.

In civil and industrial construction these piles are driven into the soil by piles to strengthen the soil. They are reinforced concrete or metal. Can have a square cross-section or a different profile: a channel, an I-beam, a pipe.

In addition to creating basic foundations for new buildings, such installations are used to strengthen the soils in areas with existing buildings. They are also used in bridge construction, on oil platforms and docks.

There are two main tasks in the process of piling the pile: setting it in a strictly designated place under a straight or other necessary angle at the project and, in fact, its immersion into the soil at a given depth. If for road signs it is sufficient to have a support height of 2-2.5 m, then piles are driven to a depth of 12 m to strengthen the soil in the soil.

Installation technology

The reinforced concrete pile with a section of 350 × 350 mm and a length of 12 m weighs up to 4 tons. To pull it to the place, raise and install it exactly along the landmark vertically or at an angle, special equipment is needed. Such a mechanism should be mobile to move around the construction site from the pile storage site to the point of installation. It should be equipped with a high boom for vertical lifting of heavy and oversized cargo, have a sufficiently wide and massive base to hold the mechanism itself.

Koper - construction equipment for piling. If, in addition, it is also equipped with a hammer for immersion in the ground, such a mechanism is generally considered to be a pile-driving installation. Clogging is most often done with a diesel or hydraulic hammer. A more advanced technology is the vibrating penetration of the pile. It can occur in combination with an indentation or shock action.

Combined pile-driving plants can have additional equipment. Often, such mechanisms are installed drilling equipment. It is necessary for equipping in the soil with increased density of the leader well. At the point where the pile is installed, the drill is drilled to the required depth. In the well, the operator installs a pile. Under its weight, it is partially buried and after reaching the project depth for the hammer.

Design Features

Combined scraper or pile-driving installation is a massive mechanism on caterpillar or wheel with a mast or boom for lifting the support with a winch and installing it in the specified position. It can be a self-propelled or transportable tractor. The equipment from leading manufacturers of construction equipment is equipped with powerful and functional manipulators for gripping and lifting profile metal supports. They are immersed in a vibrating way.

Various equipment can be installed on piles. The most common were diesel rod or tubular hammers. They use energy from burning fuel in the working chamber to disperse the impact part. Hydraulic and pneumatic hammers are also used. In these units, the liquid and compressed air are used to lift the hammer, respectively . In some cases, the unit can be equipped with a unit for reverse action - pulling piles out of the ground. In this case, a lift is used in combination with a shock or vibration mechanism.

Pile-driving installation SP-49

This unit of domestic production has been used for more than 25 years. It is used in civil, industrial and private construction for the construction of pile foundations. It has several modifications. Combined pile-driving plants SP-49D with a diesel hammer can not only install the piles on the coordinates, but also clog them in the ground.

SP-49 has proved to be a good one. It is distinguished by its maneuverability, reliable operation, good functionality, time-tested and harsh weather conditions. In addition, it is the most affordable and quickly recouped mechanism for plugging reinforced concrete piles up to 12 m in length.

Koper SP-49 is built on the basis of a caterpillar tractor of high terrain T-10 (T-170). It is equipped with a mast for lifting the pile with the possibility of its displacement for adjusting the position and angle of inclination. When installing drilling equipment, the SP-49 koper can make wells in soils of various densities, including leader ones to facilitate the immersion of the support.

Pile-driving installations: technical characteristics on the example of SP-49

The total mass of the unit is about 30 tons, and it can vary depending on the modification. Including the weight of installed equipment - from 5 to 8.5 tons. During transportation, the piling plant has a length of 10 m, with a width and height of 4.3 and 3.5 m, respectively. Dimensions in the working position are: length × width × height - 4,7 × 5 × 18,5 m. Mast reach when adjusting the position - up to 0,4 m.

The maximum weight of the pile lifted is up to 5 tons, the weight of the hammer is up to 7 tons. The total carrying capacity is 12 tons. Change the working position of the mast to the right and left - up to 7º, forwards and backwards - up to 18º. I dig it with a speed of 16.5 m / min. The productivity per shift is 38 piers. Noise in the cab and working area - 80-110 dB.

Pile installation management

The operating personnel of the unit are 3 people. The operator of the piling installation, in addition to direct control of the mechanisms, is responsible for the maintenance of the systems and units during operation, identifies and, if possible, eliminates malfunctions. His duties include: refueling fuel and lubricants, participation in the current and planned inspection, repair of machinery and installation systems.

The management of the machine is allowed for persons who have the pile driver's licenses. They must have practical knowledge of the operating rules of the plant under varying loads and in various environmental conditions. Equally important is the experience and skills of quality work, compliance with labor protection and safety standards for the operation of complex mechanisms.