Nursing process in hypertensive disease: stages, table

Hypertensive disease is the result of a pathological condition of high blood pressure. This disease is considered quite common, with some people may not even be aware of it.

Features of essential hypertension

Symptoms of hypertension :

• Frequent headaches;
• Dizziness;
• Decrease in working capacity;
• Increased irritability;
• Memory impairment;
• Sensation of weakness in the extremities.

Possible complications:

• Myocardial infarction;
• Stroke of the brain;
• Kidney failure;
• Acute heart failure.

How is hypertension treated?

The purpose of the treatment of hypertension is to lower blood pressure. This is achieved by the following methods:

• Use of antihypertensive drugs ;
• Getting rid of bad habits (for example, smoking, drinking alcohol);
• Weight loss;
• Reduction in the intake of table salt;
• Exercise and massage procedures.

The process of treatment is prolonged for a long time. At the initial stages of the disease, the patient can also adhere to the regime established by the doctor, but there are cases when it is necessary to plan nursing care in hypertensive disease.

What it is?

The nursing process in hypertension is a specially organized way of providing medical care for each patient individually.

Functions of the nurse during the nursing process:

1. Provision of patient care, which is as follows:

• Creation of conditions for recovery;
• Conducting all hygienic and preventive procedures;
• Help in the realization of some patient desires.

1. Carrying out training for the patient and his relatives necessary skills that are aimed at maintaining the patient's health.
2. Increase of scientific knowledge and research activity with subsequent application in practice.

Stages of the nursing process in hypertensive disease:

• service;
• diagnostics;
• Identification of the goal of nursing intervention;
• Preparation of the care plan and its implementation;
• Analysis of results.

It should be taken into account that the nursing process is particularly relevant in the atherosclerosis of hypertensive disease.

First step

The purpose of the first stage is to conduct a nursing survey, which involves collecting subjective information, an objective analysis of the findings and a patient's psychosocial situation.

1 stage of the nursing process in hypertension is the following in the nurse's doing:

• Establishment of trust with the patient;
• Getting an answer, to the question: "What does the patient expect as a result of the treatment?";
• An analysis of all the necessary information that will make it possible to draw up the right plan for patient care.

Second phase

The goal of the second stage is to identify all the existing and potential problems of the patient with hypertension. The nursing process also includes the diagnosis of each of the complaints. Problems of the patient can be physiological and psychological, so for each of the complaints you need to make your own diagnosis.

Next, the nursing process for hypertension (the table of physiological problems and their diagnosis) will be considered.

What else is the nursing process for hypertensive disease? The table of psychological problems and their diagnosis plays an important role here.

Stage number 3

The goals, which include the nursing process in hypertensive disease, help in drawing up an individual treatment plan.

Tasks are short-term, which are designed for one week and a little more, and long-term, continuing throughout the treatment.

For a more precise definition of the goals of nursing intervention, it is necessary that the tasks meet the following criteria:

• Reality and degree of achievement;
• Urgency of implementation;
• Patient participation in the discussion.

Before the very setting of all the objectives of the intervention, the nurse must identify:

• What functions the patient can perform independently;
• Whether the patient is able to learn the peculiarities of self-service.

Fourth stage

The purpose of this stage is to develop a plan for nursing intervention for the treatment and its implementation.

The care plan is a table that includes the following items:

• date;
• Patient's problem;
• What result is expected;
• Description of qualified assistance;
• The patient's reaction to the nursing intervention;
• Date of achievement of the goal.

The plan may provide for several possible solutions to the problem. This ensures a high percentage of achieving a positive result.

A nurse must adhere to the following rules when implementing a plan:

• The developed plan must be implemented systematically;
• In the process of implementation, it is necessary to involve the patient and his relatives;
• With the slightest change in the patient's state of health or the appearance / exclusion of new complaints (symptoms), it is necessary to make changes to the plan;
• All planned procedures should be performed clearly according to the algorithm.

Fifth stage

A competent analysis and evaluation of the results of nursing intervention is an important stage for the development of a further mode of life for the patient with hypertension.

During the evaluation you can get answers to the following questions:

• Whether there is any progress in the established treatment;
• Whether the expected result is met;
• How effective is the nursing intervention for each of the patient's problems;
• Whether revision of the plan is necessary.

For more accurate results, the final evaluation is carried out by the same nurse who performed the initial examination of the patient. Evaluation of the appropriateness of treatment will be incomplete if the following rules were not observed during nursing care:

• All nursing interventions (significant and minor) were not recorded;
• Actions were not documented immediately;
• There were no any deviations in the patient's condition from the norm;
• Fuzzy terms;
• Remained empty graphs in the plan.

And most importantly, as a result of nursing care, the patient should become better, he and his family should learn the basic actions from the developed plan.