Neurology - what is it? What does the neurologist cure?

Often patients have to face the notion of neurology. What is it and how to interpret it? First of all, neurology is a science that studies the normal and pathological development of the nervous system. She also deals with changes in the nervous system that arise as a result of external influences or diseases of other organs.

The role of the nervous system in the body

The nervous system in the human body deals with the perception and analysis of signals inside and outside the body, is responsible for their further translation, processing and response. Figuratively speaking, the nervous system plays the role of watchman in the body, which signals external changes and problems inside.

The nervous system is divided into peripheral (nerve nodes and fibers) and central (dorsal and brain). In such an area as neurology, the disease is most often manifested through pain. Symptoms that may indicate a possible CNS (brain) lesion include: headache, skewed face, unsteadiness, dizziness, numbness in the limbs, difficulty speaking and swallowing, double vision. Sometimes there is a loss of consciousness of the patient, seizures, weakness in the hands and feet.

Neurological diseases: symptoms

On the one hand, neurology is a science that studies the human nervous system, and on the other hand it is a direction in medicine that deals with the diagnosis and treatment of neurological pathologies. Diseases of the nervous system can be accompanied by a violation of mental functions, which is manifested by depression, anxiety, irritability, decreased intelligence and memory, rapid change of mood.

Diseases of the spinal cord are accompanied by pain, weakness and numbness in the legs, arms and trunk, constipation, urinary disorders, muscle atrophy, seizures. Neurology also deals with peripheral nervous system problems. What is it and how can they manifest? First of all, these are pathologies associated with the compression of ligaments or bone structures of nerve fibers and roots. Nerve fibers suffer as a result of chronic poisoning of the body (impaired metabolism, drug addiction, alcoholism).

Headache is the leading symptom in neurological diseases

Headache refers to the list of symptoms that occur very often not only in the field of neurology, but also in general medical practice. The symptomatology of almost 50 different diseases is limited to only one headache. The history of neurology is full of cases when exactly this symptom, if it is not accompanied by anything, delays the patient's visit to the doctor. Headache can signal both depression, overwork, emotional stress, and serious illnesses. Immediate consultation of a neurologist is necessary if the patient, in addition to headache, is disturbed by symptoms such as loss of consciousness, dizziness, numbness, vomiting, nausea.

An experienced physician first of all must determine the nature and nature of the headache. For this neurological examination is supplemented by instrumental methods (ultrasound Dopplerography, Ro-graphy of the skull, MRI-head). It is also necessary to undergo an examination with a therapist, dentist, otolaryngologist, ophthalmologist and pass general clinical tests. Such complex will help to study the condition of the patient's organism as much as possible, to diagnose correctly and to prescribe adequate treatment.

Diseases of the peripheral nervous system

About 70% of patients complain about problems with the peripheral nervous system. Very often, the pathology of the spine, which is involved in vertebro-neurology. What it is? This refers to a disease in which the functioning of the joints, discs, bone structures, tendon and muscle formations of the spinal column is disturbed.

Lesions of the ligamentous apparatus, intervertebral joints and the intervertebral disc bear a common name - osteochondrosis. In old age, this disease is qualified as the norm, but now this diagnosis can be found in patients almost adolescent, which is a serious problem. It has become habitual when the disease progresses in patients under the age of 40 years. The development of this pathology is accelerated by such factors as malnutrition, passive lifestyle, wrong posture.

We address for the help to the neurologist

Diagnosis, prevention and treatment of disorders of the nervous system is performed by a neurologist. In the department of neurology you need to address if you are worried about back pain, muscle weakness, fainting, dizziness, limb tremor, insomnia or sleep disorders, impaired coordination of movements, headaches, numbness.

Such insignificant, at first glance, symptoms, like "flies" before the eyes or numbness of the finger, often manifest diseases of the nervous system. Sometimes these symptoms can be attributed to fatigue or fatigue. But even with such insignificant manifestations, it is necessary to consult a specialist, because neurological diseases develop slowly and gradually. Everyone needs to know that the untimely treatment of diseases, which neuroscience deals with, can lead to serious consequences, that this is a dangerous condition that threatens loss of intelligence, paralysis and disability. The risk of developing neurological disorders increases with age. To prevent their occurrence and probable consequences can only periodic neurological examinations.

Complications

Neurology of the disease includes and in complicated forms. The most common are radiculoneuritis and radiculitis. These complications are associated with inflammation of the spinal cord, when squeezing it, there is pain, swelling and inflammation. Cervical sciatica is accompanied by pain in the neck and gives to the interscapular region, shoulder, arm and head. With thoracic radiculitis, there is pain in the thoracic region, and sometimes there may be imitated pain in the region of the liver and heart.

The most vulnerable department of the spine is the lumbosacral. Radiculitis in this area is manifested by characteristic pains in the sacrum and lower back, which are given to the buttocks, leg, groin. The patient has dull pain when bending and unbending the trunk, difficulty getting out of the chair or climbing the stairs. In the morning, the pain is greatly increased, it is difficult for the patient to turn around and get out of bed. Urgent neurological care is required if complications arise in the form of impaired urination, convulsive muscle contractions and weakness in the legs.

Diagnostics

Timely diagnosis of diseases of the nervous system is the first stage of recovery. These diseases can not pass by themselves. Patients often make a huge mistake overcoming symptoms, for example, headache, with the help of medications. With improper treatment, the disease only progresses, and the likelihood of complications increases at times.

Due to the fact that neurological diseases in most cases are characterized by the same type of symptoms, the diagnosis should be directed to the selection of the correct scheme of the study. Many of the symptoms that may indicate the development of a neurological disease can simultaneously speak of side effects of the treatment of some other disease, to which neurology is not related. The responses of patients and doctors agree that neurological pathologies are difficult to diagnose, and at first glance they may be mistaken for a very different illness.

Stages of diagnostics

At the first stage, a neurologist should conduct a clinical examination that will determine the nature and localization of the disease and choose the tactics of additional examination and treatment. An effective method of investigation is radiography, with which it is determined in what state the osteoarticular tissues of the spine. Magnetic resonance imaging allows you to see in more detail not only the bone, but also the spinal roots, vessels, cartilaginous tissue, ligaments and muscles. Among other additional techniques, with which the neurology of the disease is studied, homeopathy, reflexology, homotoxicology, manual therapy, acupressure, ultrasonic dopplerography are popular.

Treatment

The scientific center of neurology is engaged in the development of methods for treating neurological diseases. To date, a comprehensive approach to treatment is widely used. It is aimed at eliminating the causes and alleviating the symptoms. Neurological pathologies are mainly treated by the use of drug therapy. In addition, rehabilitative and restorative techniques are used, including heat therapy, curative gymnastics, kinesitherapy, acupuncture, therapeutic massage, physiotherapy and phytotherapy. In addition, there are special rehabilitation programs for patients.

To protect the body from neurological disorders and prevent complications, you can only watch your health, which includes the right way of life, avoiding stress and passing periodic examinations with a neurologist.