Myoma of the uterus. Removal. Effects on the body

Myoma of the uterus is also called fibroma. This disease is a benign tumor that appears in women as a result of a variety of factors - hormonal failures, genetic predisposition, irregular sexual life. After mechanical damage, as a consequence of the transferred abortions and curettage, the uterine myoma can also develop. The removal, the consequences of such a surgical intervention - issues that interest many women who have heard this diagnosis.

Predisposition to the disease depends on the general health and hormonal background. Basically, myoma is found in women from 35 to 50 years. At this age, unfortunately, such a diagnosis is not uncommon. However, recently he has significantly younger - even in women younger than 30 years old there is a uterine myoma. Removal, the consequences of surgery, conservative treatment of the disease - the topic is quite serious.

Symptoms

In the initial stage, this disease has virtually no symptoms. When the size of myomatous nodes is still small, it is possible to diagnose myoma only by accident - at a gynecologist's admission during examination or during ultrasound examination. Nevertheless, there are a number of signs that should alert a woman - they include constant aching pain in the lower abdomen, painful and very abundant menstruation, a violation of the functions of neighboring organs. For example, myoma can cause discomfort to the intestines or bladder - then you should pay attention to chronic constipation or problems with urination. Often such symptoms are mistaken for a variant of the norm, and the woman does not suspect a tumor or addresses problems not to the gynecologist, but to the proctologist or nephrologist.

Types of myoma

Myoma of the uterus is divided into three different species depending on its location. If the myomatous node is located outside the walls of the uterus on its outer side and grows into the abdominal cavity, such a myoma is called subserous. Submucous myoma is an intrauterine tumor that deforms the uterus and changes its internal cavity. Interstitial myoma located in the walls of the uterus, it is also called intramural.

Treatment

At the first stage, the treatment of fibroids is much easier than in the case of neglected diseases. Usually, hormonal therapy is recommended for patients. There are a number of drugs that are often prescribed by doctors when diagnosing fibroids. These include the funds "Danazol", "Gestrinone" and other drugs - derivatives of androgens. Such medicinal hormonal drugs suppress the synthesis of steroid hormones in the ovaries, when they are affected, tumor growth slows down significantly. To the other group, used in the treatment of fibroids, carry gestagens - preparations "Dyufaston", "Utrozhestan". They slow the growth of the endometrium. With uterine fibroids, this is quite effective. All hormonal drugs are prescribed for a long period, usually the course of treatment is about 8 months.

Such treatment is indicated if the myoma is relatively small - up to 12 weeks. Its magnitude is of great importance in the choice of treatment, it is measured depending on the size of the uterus - as in pregnancy, in weeks. That is, in the patient's card, in addition to the diagnosis of "myoma", the size of the uterus appears, characteristic for pregnancy at a certain time - up to 12 weeks, for example. This approach is caused by the need to accurately measure the tumor.

Another effective method of treatment is the "Mirena" spiral. This hormonal intrauterine device, which is set by a doctor for a period of 5 years. It has two functions - treatment of myomatous nodes by constant release of hormones and protection from unwanted pregnancy. The installation of the spiral is effective only in the presence of fibroids located in the uterine cavity. If it is sub-serous, that is growing from the outside of the uterus into the abdominal cavity, treatment with a spiral will be ineffective.

Combined oral contraceptives also have an effect, helping to stop the growth of fibroids, but only if the disease is diagnosed early, and the site size does not exceed 2 cm.

Surgical treatment: uterine myoma

Removal, the consequences of such an operation - a topic for a serious conversation with a doctor. There are times when it is ineffective to treat myoma of the uterus with hormonal drugs, then doctors recommend to resort to surgical intervention. Indication for the operation can be as follows:

• Large size of fibroids (when the size of the uterus is more than 12 weeks of pregnancy).
• Rapid growth of the tumor - in these cases, various complications are possible, and it is impossible to postpone the operation.
• Misfit pregnancy and infertility - if the patient is at reproductive age, the presence of fibroids may interfere with the normal course of pregnancy and childbirth. Then the tumor is better to remove, so that pregnancy and childbirth go without complications.
• Ovarian tumor, which developed in parallel with the myoma of the uterus.

Surgery involves removing the tumor. Reviews about such operations are different, it all depends on the individual characteristics of the body and the result. Surgical intervention with myomas can vary depending on the age of the patient, the size of the tumor, the general health of the woman. Conservative myomectomy is only the removal of the nodes of the uterine myoma, the healthy part is preserved. Such operations make women of reproductive age who plan to have children in the future. Hysteroresectoscopy is the removal of fibroids from the inner cavity of the uterus. Hysterectomy is the complete removal of the uterus. This is a cardinal way, since the absence of an organ leads to a lack of problems with it. Such operations are performed only if other ways of removing the tumor are not suitable, or only if the patient's age indicates that the ability to have children is no longer important. Hysterectomy leads to infertility, but it allows a woman to live sexually, experience sexual desire and pleasure. In recent years, more and more doctors have resorted to a procedure such as uterine artery embolization. In the vessels of the uterus is introduced a special drug. It clogs the blood vessels, blood does not enter the myomatous nodules and their death occurs. This is a relatively gentle way to treat myoma, which is recommended for women planning to have children after treatment.

Consequences of surgical intervention

Any surgical operation does not pass without a trace on the body, and the consequences can be different. After the operation, most often the patients are prescribed hormonal means - this is done so that the myoma does not appear again. If the cause of the tumor was a hormonal failure, taking appropriate medications will help to avoid relapse. It is necessary to conduct a survey and find out the causes of the disease, if this is not done, then the uterine myoma will appear again.

Removal, consequences of surgery (rehabilitation) - these topics are of interest to many women and are actively discussed in forums. In those cases when the uterus was surgically removed, one of the types of complications is recognized as an increased risk of breast cancer. The obvious consequence of hysterectomy is infertility. When the uterus is not completely removed, menstruation may continue, but more often they will be scarce.

Often the consequence of surgery is infection of the genitals. In general, the most terrible consequence of uterine fibroids is oncology. Myoma of the uterus is a benign tumor, its transformation into a malignant disease is extremely rare, and yet such cases happen. It is better to know about this and try to cure myoma as soon as possible.

Recommendations after treatment

The recovery period after an operation such as the removal of uterine fibroids (the patient's testimonies confirm this) is practically the same as after any other surgery. It is usually recommended to take a multivitamin to support the body, eat right and eat more protein foods. Physical exercise is contraindicated in the first 3-4 months, but little by little walk and move is still useful. One of the contraindications during the recovery period is the thermal effect: avoid visiting the sauna and sauna, solarium. You can not sunbathe and generally should limit your stay in the sun.