Muscles of the tongue. Language: Anatomy, photo

The organ consisting of 16 muscles completely penetrated by blood vessels, which never sleeps. What is it about? It is a human language, through which we are able to enjoy the taste of food. Moreover, it also helps to speak clearly and clearly, because it is language that participates in the formation of all vowels and even some consonants. How does he do it? Thanks to the special arrangement of the muscles of the tongue.

Structure

Language is divided into three parts - the root, the tip and the body itself. All three parts are covered with papillae of different species.

• Threadlike. These papillae, characterized by an interesting oblong form, cover most of the surface of the tongue. They give the language some "velvety".
• Troughs. They are on the body and taste buds huddle in their walls. This kind of papillae is very low and practically does not rise above the surface. These are small cylindrical turrets in a furrow-like ring, surrounded by a platen.
• Sheet-shaped. They have a shape corresponding to the name and are located on the sides and behind and, by the way, also distinguish the taste.
• Mushroom-shaped. These papillae are located at the very tip of the tongue. They can be seen in the photo of the language or simply in the mirror. These are red dots that participate in the recognition of taste.
• Cone-shaped. In part, these papillae are similar to threadlike, but much smaller. Their location is the central part of the back of the tongue.
• Lenticular. These papillae are smaller than mushroom-shaped, so they easily fit between them, having different sizes.

Between the body and the root there is a blind hole behind which the amygdala is hidden. The hole itself is a tongue-tied tongue overgrown with ducts.

The salivary glands are located at the top and along the edges, and the blood vessels pierced through all the muscles allow the tongue to be an ideal assistant in enjoying food and digesting in principle.

Functions

Anatomy of the language allows him to cope with several functions:

• Accelerates the regeneration of all damaged parts of the tongue and oral cavity.
• Helps in the absorption of various medications.
• Protects against various infections and viruses.
• It makes it possible to distinguish between a huge range of flavors, temperature and even pain.
• Helps to speak clearly, clearly and even imitate certain sounds.

About what helps us to pronounce clear sounds, we'll talk.

Muscles

The mass of this organ is formed by the muscles of the tongue. They are also divided into several categories:

• Internal group;
• Outdoor group.

The first group of muscles shortens the tongue and makes it thicker. She also helps to take him aside. Some of its parts are involved in the compression of the pharynx and throat, and are also responsible for education in the tongue of the groove. But the second group has more advanced functionality. However, it is worth considering not just both groups, but each component separately.

Upper longitudinal muscle

It is a paired muscle of the tongue, which is actually very thin and is already under the aponeurosis. It's like hugging the tongue, sitting on the sides, above all the others, if you look at it from the septum.

The upper longitudinal muscle completely corresponds to its name, going from the root of the tongue.

It helps to take the tongue aside and creates a thickening on it, making it shorter.

Lower longitudinal muscle

And again we are talking about the internal muscle group, which is not found in the photo of the tongue. She is also a steamer and walks next to the bottom. The longitudinal muscle is located between the chin-lingual and sublingual-lingual muscles. There is also the lower surface of the tongue.

This muscle of the tongue is attached to the aponeurosis from above and has the same functions as the upper longitudinal one.

The chin-lingual muscle

It is a muscle from the second group, which departs from the chin awn. It smoothly goes to the partition in the form of a fan, being attached to the aponeurosis on the back.

By the way, the bundles of this muscle are slightly merged with the longitudinal and vertical muscles. It is she who helps to show everyone the language and even take him aside.

Transversal

The muscle coming from the septum of the tongue, which lies between the other three (the chin-lingual, the lower and the longitudinal) is called the "transverse muscle of the tongue." It helps to form the language correctly and is an active participant in the compression of the pharynx and pharynx.

Sublingual-lingual muscle

It's amazing how the language was created. Its anatomy is such that in order for this organ to pull back down and return to its original position, it has this paired muscle.

A curious feature of this component of the language is a frequently encountered bundle of fibers, which is commonly called a cartilaginous muscle. This muscle is quite independent, although it is part of the sublingual-lingual, starting on the small horn and having an end on the back of the tongue.

Vertical

A special groove on the back of the tongue is created precisely by this paired muscle. By the way, it also makes the language more flat and long.

It begins in the lingual aponeurosis. According to the name, it goes vertically in the inner part of the tongue and ends at its lower surface.

Silent and non-palatine

These muscles help the language to be more mobile and take different forms. The silicic tongue has a thin beginning and a fan-shaped end. It is directly connected with the sublingual-lingual muscle and intertwines with the transverse muscle. The palatal-lingual muscle has a similar structure.

Mucous membrane

All muscles are an integral construction, which always works together. As mentioned earlier, she never sleeps and is constantly in motion. To prevent injury, the tongue is in a special mucosa.

If we talk about the root of the tongue, then its mucosa is very smooth, but its lower part and the top are rough. This is due to the fact that on these parts of such a small but important organ are the papillae of various shapes, mentioned above.

Indicator of diseases?

In addition to the amazing structure of this small organ, it is also impressive for him to help in determining the state of health. How does it look like?

For example, if the tongue becomes dry, it signals dehydration. Is it scary? In fact, yes, because such a symptom indicates a serious intestinal infection, peritonitis and even internal bleeding, which is not easy to diagnose. Or is it an obvious sign of an increase in blood sugar and a malfunction of the thyroid gland.

If dryness is observed with a bitter aftertaste during the morning ascent, it is necessary to conduct a study of the gallbladder.

With dysbacteriosis or thrush, the tongue can become white. By the way, the same plaque can manifest itself and stomatitis. And this is not all the symptoms and problems.

The amazing structure of the human body is really language. What muscle is the most important in it? Obviously, all have their own special meaning and purpose. Keep track of your language and always pay attention to the signals that it can give you.