Light aircraft Yak-12: technical characteristics, photo, history of creation

In the 1940s, the Soviet leadership approved a plan for the development and restoration of the national economy. According to him, significant changes have affected the agrarian sector. To improve pest control and sanitary services, the population began to intensively develop air lines. This caused the appearance of one of the lightest at that time aircraft. We are talking about an aircraft like the Yak-12.

History of creation

The Yak-12 is a multipurpose transport vehicle designed in the Design Bureau under the guidance of AS Yakovlev. After successful tests in 1946, the aircraft creation began to be produced serially. But during one of the tests, the pilot was unable to land the aircraft on the site assigned by Stalin personally, and the serial production of this aircraft model was discontinued. Despite the fact that the design of the Yak-12 aircraft among the other aircrafts of that time was one of the best and the error was from the pilot, serial production was resumed only after the death of the leader.

The design of the aircraft engine

Initially, the aircraft was designed for the air force as a two-seater, capable of performing sanitary and connected tasks. Yak-12 was a mixed construction: for the production of the basis of the fuselage, welded chromansile pipes were used. Duralumin frames were made of double-wings wings, tail fins and ailerons. The wings and the tail part were lined with linen. For plating the bow was used duralumin. Wood has become the basis for the production of slats formwork aircraft. Sanitary aircraft was equipped with a fixed duralumin ferrules. To reduce the resistance in the chassis, belonging to the pyramidal type, was mounted a special tape - a brace.

The cockpit of the plane belonged to a car type and accommodated up to four people. If necessary, a stretcher for transporting the wounded was installed in its right side. The very first Yak-12 aircraft were equipped with an engine M-11FR in 160 liters. from. And with cooling. Over time, the design of the aircraft replaced the tree with duraluminium.

Purpose

The Yak-12 was widely used in agriculture. With the help of this machine, fertilization of plants with fertilizers, sowing, pollination of fields and plantings was carried out. It could also serve as an ambulance. The Yak-12 was used as a mail carrier and a towing vehicle. As a passenger transporter this aircraft was ideal on minor lines. The car was designed for two passengers and is capable of withstanding loads not exceeding 350 kilograms. In the flying schools for jumping with parachutes, the Yak-12 aircraft was also used.

The design and construction of this aircraft multipurpose machine were characterized by simplicity and unpretentiousness in use, the availability of radio stations and instruments that allow flights both at night and under unfavorable meteorological conditions. In addition to the Soviet Union, the aircraft was used in China and Poland, in which it was produced as PZL-101 Gawron.

Description

The Yak-12 in 1947 is a high-lift, using the M-11FR engine. The design of the aircraft can have a double or triple cabin. Initially, the Yak-12 was designed as a double. The wings of the wings are V-shaped and converge at the node for attaching the chassis. Due to the presence of a fixed duralumin slat, a significant angle of attack is not dangerous. Improved pyramidal chassis (tested on the Yak-10) contain a special strap-stretch, which stretches from each wheel to a rubber shock absorber.

The braking function is carried out by the main wheels with a size of 6 x 18 cm and a tailpiece of 20 x 11 cm. Skiing can be attached to them. The control contains cable wiring. The slats on the wing significantly improve the landing properties and have a positive effect on safety during the flight.

Aircraft Yak-12: specifications

• The length is 8.36 m.
• The height is 3.76 m.
• The wingspan is 12 m.
• The area of the wing is 21.60 m ² .
• The weight of the aircraft is 830 kg.
• The permissible weight (the one that can be lifted) was 1450 kg.
• Engines - 1PD M-11FR.
• The maximum speed is 194 km / h.
• Cruising speed - 169 km / h.
• The landing speed is 90 km / h.
• Thrust - 1х160 kN.
• The aircraft is designed for 4 hours of flight.
• The range of flight is 760 km.

Modifications Yak-12

The model of the aircraft is characterized by ease of management, which can be used in aviation schools as a simulator. In addition to training, it is able to perform other tasks depending on the modification:

• Yak-12B is considered to be the only one with a UVP up to 35 meters of take-off distance. The design is equipped with an AI-14RF engine, whose capacity is 300 liters. from.
• Yak-12S - aviation ambulance for transporting one wounded.
• Yak-12SH - version of the aircraft for agricultural purposes. He performs pollination of green plantings and spraying pesticides. The design is equipped with a special tank located under the fuselage.
• Yak-12R is a plane for the air force. Function - communication. The design is equipped with a powerful engine AI-14R (260 hp). The tail part is equipped with a coulter - a special brake hook, which, dropping during the landing of the aircraft on the primer, reduces its mileage.

Works on improvement

The very first option is considered to be the aircraft design Yak-12. The model of the aircraft in version A has undergone changes over time:

• The wings acquired a trapezoidal shape and began to be equipped with slats containing one strut.
• Fuel tank: increase in size.
• Chassis: reinforcement.
• The steering wheel has acquired a horn-shaped form.
• The cockpit of the pilot. By glazing the frontal and side parts, the review has improved. Significant improvement in the comfort of the cabin was due to the use of soft upholstery. The permissible weight that the Yak-12A could lift was 1,588 kg. Due to changes in the wing in the airplane, aerodynamics significantly improved, the speed increased by 30 km / h and the range of flight.

Further improvements

They touched the tail of the fuselage and the length of the car.

• Yak-12M increased to 9 meters.
• In the design, a forkill was introduced and the opener was removed.
• The landing gear, the fuselage and the front wing of the wing became reinforced.
• Hydraulic damping replaced the rubber.
• The cabin in the modified Yak-12 is designed for three passengers.

What were the changes made for?

Due to changes this aircraft was adapted:

• For agricultural work. Within two hours, the machine can be equipped with the necessary equipment.
• To perform sanitation tasks. There was enough room for accommodation, except for two pilots, another doctor and a wounded man.
• For practicing parachute jumping. The footboard specially installed on the right side of the side made this task easier.

Aircraft for the Soviet Air Force

Yak-12R was operated by the Soviet Air Force as a liaison and vehicle. For this purpose, the model was equipped with a powerful engine AI-14R (260 hp), and a screw VISH-539L-11. The wooden plating was replaced with duralumin. In order to reduce the length of the run in the subterranean area to 50 meters in Yak-12R, the brake coulter, which was previously located ahead of the wheel, in the tail section was removed. The cabin was designed for three passengers. The weight of the aircraft reached 912 kg.

Training option

In early 1959, Soviet designers began to develop a simulator aircraft Yak-12 UT. Its purpose was to train military pilots to make an instrument landing. For this purpose the cabin was equipped with:

• The second set, which allows both to start the engine of the Yak-12 UT aircraft, and carry out manual and foot control.
• The ARC-5 radio compass.
• A simplified set of equipment OSB-48, through which a blind landing was made.
• The marker receiver MPP-48.
• Radio altimeter PB-2.
• The generator GSK-1500. With its help, the equipment was powered.

Testing

In 1950, the Yak-12 UT was tested in the NIIVVS Group of Companies and recommended for flight schools of the air force as an effective simulator for flight crew training. At the same time, shortcomings were noted:

• 1700 rotations of blades per minute indicated the weak power of the GSK-1500 wind generator.
• The antenna used had insufficient power - the receiver worked only at an altitude of not more than 1850 meters.
• The range of the compass was 160 km. This was not enough, since the commission put forward demands of not less than 180 meters.

After the testing in June, a re-appointment was scheduled for October of the same year. After completion of the Yak-12 UT was equipped with:

• Wind turbine VD-5, which was characterized by a change in the flight pitch of the blades;
• The installed T-shape of the antenna worked effectively at any height.

In 1952, this aircraft successfully passed new tests. But nevertheless, nowhere in the documents is it listed as Yak-12 UT.

Sanitary airplane pattern

Yak-12S 1948 issue is considered a sanitary version of the aircraft from this series. The design of this aircraft was adapted to transport one patient. In the left side of the board there were stretchers. No other changes were made to the Yak-12. The empty aircraft weighed 852 kg and is capable of withstanding the load up to 380 kg. It included the weight of special equipment, which was 22 kg. Yak-12S transported the medical load to 175 kg and in its parameters was better than the U-2C.

To make a plane with your own hands

Having the necessary material, you can make a Yak-12 self-made aircraft from the ceiling (ceiling tiles from extruded polystyrene foam). If you have the right tools and spare parts, it's not difficult to cope with this task.

Materials, tools and spare parts

The following materials are required for work:

• A ceiling 0.5 cm thick;
• Special adhesive for ceiling tiles;
• A 10 ml syringe;
• Colorful scotch tape;
• Wire diameter 0.1 cm;
• Sheets of A4 paper.

Required Tools:

• A flat board on which it is convenient to work;
• stationery knife;
• Meter ruler;
• emery.

Spare parts:

• Electric motor not less than 1100 revolutions;
• One 12 volt battery;
• One propeller.

Start. Working with drawings

Before you start, you need to have an idea of how the Yak-12 radio-controlled aircraft should look. For this it is recommended to acquire the necessary drawings. The drawings printed on the printer should be given sequential numbers for convenience. After that, they are laid out in accordance with the numbers on a flat surface.

Production of parts for the product

Based on the available drawings, you can start cutting out the right parts. It's good if the part has a lot of straight lines. In this case, it is considered simple.

To work with this drawing you need a needle. Using it, punctures indicate all available angles. Then, through a ruler, put from one puncture to another, with the help of a clerical knife , cutouts of paper are made. They are performed sequentially until the detail of the future aircraft is completely formed from the drawing. When gluing them, it is important to ensure that the dimensions and geometry of the future model are not disturbed.

On each sheet, there may be extra sections that need to be cut. As a result, all the fragments of the structure should ideally fit together. Only after that, using a syringe, you can perform their gluing.

Assembly

• When assembling the product, it is important to ensure that the laminated side is on the outside.
• An important aspect is the observance of the dimensions of the cut out parts with dimensions that the battery has - it can be larger than planned in the drawing. It is recommended to pre-measure with a ruler.
• For strong bonding it is desirable to use clothespins, weights or a vice.
• To form the necessary bending, rolling on the pipe can be used.
• After that, all the parts of the Yak-12 contacting each other are glued together. A radio-controlled model of an airplane, the flight of which is often associated with falls, needs to be strengthened.
• The fortification of the manufactured product will help reinforce the adhesive tape.
• It is recommended to use a rigid wire for securing the servos.
• The motor frame on which the motor is mounted must be made of thin plywood. It is very convenient to fasten the fixing screws to it.
• In the absence of a piece of plywood, you can also use plastic, aluminum or polystyrene. The main thing is that the material is easy. It is desirable that the weight of the model produced does not exceed 600 grams.
• It is recommended to launch the product with one throw from the hand.
• Landing for the beginning should be made by the belly of the aircraft on a soft surface. It is not necessary to mount the wheel for this.

The cost of the Ford Focus or Pegout 3008 is equal to the price of such an aircraft creation as the Yak-12. The photo below represents the features of its exterior design. But it should be recalled that the modifications were issued differently.

In our time the Yak-12 is considered a rarity. It can be found with collectors of aviation equipment.