Kinds of plants: the list (3 class). Types of indoor plants: list, photo

The plant world of the planet is very diverse. The science that examines it is called botany. The children begin to study it in elementary school.

Botany is a systemic science that allows us to consider the stepwise structure of the plant world, dividing it into kingdoms, departments, classes, orders, families and species. This structure is called hierarchical. The construction of a harmonious system of the plant world, its classification was carried out for many centuries. The most important contribution to the development of the classification of plants was made by Carl Linnaeus. Our task is to consider specific plant species (list). 3 grade of primary school - this is the time when children are actively studying botany. In the textbooks of the general education program, the following types are offered:

• seaweed;
• Mossy;
• Ferns;
• Coniferous;
• Flowering.

The main groups of plants

The above division of plants into groups is due to the features of the habitat, the structure, the methods of reproduction. Each of the groups considered below has plant species that are also represented.

Algae are organisms that do not have roots, leaves, stems. Their main habitat is water. The total number of species of algae is within 35 thousand. Some types of algae:

• Marine macrophytes: Elodea Canadian, American Valliseries;
• Green algae: chlamydomonada, chlorella, miracleaster, kowlerpa, kladofora;
• Flagellate algae: euglena green, ficus, nocturnal, dinofizis norwegian, peridinella, propocentrum small;
• Red algae: Irish moss, endemic barbed, porphyry lanceolate, gigartine, phyllophora, polyneur;
• Brown algae: fucus, spongesia palmoid, macrocystis, sargassum, laminaria, cystoseira.

Mosses are plants that have a stem and leaves, but do not have a root. Their reproduction is by means of spores. Mosses grow in shaded areas, near water, sometimes in water. In total, there are more than 5000 plants of this kind.

Ferns are plants that have roots, stem and leaves. They grow in shaded areas with a high level of moisture. Reproduction - by arguments. The total number of fern species is nine thousand. Here are some names of fern species: common ostrich, sensitive, osmunda royal, salvinia floating, azolla carolina, female cohort, male shield, male north, medina scabbina, common eagle.

Coniferous. Plants growing in the forests, having a root, stem. A special feature of conifers is the presence of needles. In total there are 600 species of coniferous plants. Let's name some: pine, spruce, fir, cedar, juniper, thuja, yew.

Flowers. Plants that have a root, stem, leaf, flower and fruit. They include trees, shrubs and grass. Taking into account the diversity of flowering plants, the number of species exceeds 350 thousand names. Here are some of them: poplar, acacia, peony, rose, dandelion, hawthorn, jasmine, quince, weigel, hibiscus, cedar grass, boneless beetle, timothy grass, foxtail, pike, whitefish, wheat, millet, maize, whitened, dope.

Types of plants. List in Russia

For each locality there are certain types of plants, a list of which we will also cite. Climatic conditions, soil cover, historical features, human activities are factors that influence the uniqueness of the plant world of the natural range. All these factors need to be considered in the aggregate.

Consider the species diversity of the flora of the Russian Federation. Considering the vastness of the territory, it is possible to distinguish several types of plant zones in Russia, each of which is characterized by certain plant species. List (3rd grade of the general education school) can also be found in the textbook on botany.

The main types of flora in Russia include:

• Tundra type, the main representatives of the flora which are green mosses, jagel, cowberry, wateryard, partridge grass, cassiopeia, dwarf birch, polar willow, polar poppy, bluegrass Arctic;
• Forest type, which is represented by spruce, fir, cedar, pine, birch, oak, maple;
• Steppe type, which is characterized by the growth of grass vegetation;
• Desert type, whose representatives of vegetation are wormwood and saltwort;
• Meadow type, the vegetation of which is represented by herbaceous perennials: buttercup creeping, field moth, runaway bent grass, meadow foxgrass, cedar grass, dandelion, linen, carp.
• Marsh type, which is characterized by moisture-loving plants.

The vegetative "palette" of Russia, as we see, is very wide. Territorially, plant species, a list that is initially significant, in quantitative terms increase from north to south, but in deserts are somewhat reduced due to the dryness of the climate, from plains to mountains increase.

Cultivation of vegetation

Since ancient times, the flora of the Earth has developed without direct human intervention, respectively, all flowers and grasses were wild. Human development determined the need for him to cultivate land and grow plants for his own needs. Under the influence of human labor, the plants changed, received new characteristics. Thus, cultural plants emerged that, from Latin, means "cultivated", "processed" plants grown to produce food, medicine, fodder, etc. The main distinguishing feature of cultivated plants is that they are grown regardless of the place of origin And can not reproduce on their own.

Today, many cultural plantations are derived from wild plants by breeding or genetic engineering. Cultural flowers and trees are divided into cereals, spinning, vegetable, fruit, ornamental. Consider cultural plants, a list of species.

• Cereal plants are plantations, the main product of which is grain, used as a food product, raw materials for industry, animal feed. The main types of grain crops are wheat, rye, barley, oats, rice, millet, sorghum, buckwheat.
• Spinning plantations are those from which fiber is made for the textile industry. The main types of spinning plants: flax, dolgunets, cotton, jute, hemp, kapok, kenaf, crotalia, sisal, fukreya.
• Vegetable plants are planted to produce fruits. The main representatives: tomato, pepper, eggplant, physalis, cabbage, kohlrabi, watercress, radish, pumpkin, watermelon, melon, cucumber, carrots, beets, celery asparagus, onion, garlic.
• Fruit plants are plants that bear fruit. They are: orange, lemon, grapefruit, banana, avocado, mango, pomegranate, grapes, almonds, coconut palm, olive, strawberry, gooseberry, currant.
• Decorative plants are plants used for decorating and decorating rooms, places of rest for a person. The species of ornamental plants are: acacia, barberry, magnolia, lilac, thuja, boxwood, juniper, rose, peony, carnation.

The most attractive are ornamental plant species. A list, photos of examples can be seen in the school textbook. This also includes home flowers.

Kinds of plants (the list of house house plants) includes and tree-like. Below, the main subspecies of ornamental plantings will be described.

Cereal-like plants

These plants are long, thin, narrow with bundles of leaves collected. This includes representatives such as ayr mildew, shaman arundinaria, Japanese ophiopoda, chlorophytum, bilberries drooping, beautiful vallota, thillandsia whitish.

There are other types of indoor plants. The list will be presented below.

The bushy plants

Bush plants are plants whose stems grow bushy. Types bushy: peperomy, Japanese aucuba, achymene, begonia, hypocorticum naked, koleus, arrowroot, sawy.

Plants with erect stems

Plants with erect stems have straight stems that grow strictly in the vertical plane, which have different heights. Representatives: glue arthritis, Strausa glue, Noctoktus, leninghaus, trichocereus whitish, felandra, codoeum, laurel, ficus, bokarneya, diffenbachia, dracaena, pandanus, yucca.

Lianas and ampelian plants

Lianas and ampel plants have long flexible stems, which allows them to grow and serve as decor. Representatives: ivy, scindapsus, ficus, fittonia, spinner, columbine, zigacactus.

Rosette plants

Rosette plants have a shortened stem, which leads to underdevelopment of internodes and ensures the intergrowth of closely spaced leaves at one point. The size of such plants is insignificant. Representatives: gloxinia, primula, saintpolia (Uzumbara violet), young roofing.

Spherical plants

Spherical plants are characterized by lack of leaves and a peculiar form of the stem. First of all, they include cacti. Examples of such plants: astrophytum, mammillaria, parody, rebecia, ferocactus, Grisons echinocactus.