Is Yalta Russia or Ukraine? Yalta, the Crimea. Yalta

Yalta on the map is located in the southern part of the Crimea, from Foros in the west and up to Krasnokamenka in the east. This city is the recognized resort capital of the peninsula, an important passenger and commercial port.

Title History

The city of Yalta, according to the most widespread version, received its name from the Greek word "yalos", which translates as "shore". The first mention of this settlement was mentioned in 1154. The lines about the Polovtsian city on the Black Sea coast came from the pen of the Arab historian Al-Idrisia.

Yalta on the map. Physical and geographical characteristics

The city is located in the southern part of the Crimean peninsula. It occupies the shore of the Yalta Bay, which is in the Black Sea. On the territory of the city there are the hills of Darsan and Glory. From the land, Yalta is surrounded by a semi-circle of the Crimean mountains.

The Voroktsovsky and Livadia parks are divided into the large Yalta (the latter includes the city itself, Alupka and many villages). First of all, they impress with their impressive size. When they were created, unique decorative foreign plants were widely used.

Features of climate

Where is the city of Yalta? Approximately at the same geographical latitude as the popular Italian resorts of Genoa and Ravenna. Approximately 2250 hours a year the city caresses the warm sun. A similar indicator can boast such chic Mediterranean resorts as San Remo, Nice and Cannes. The city of Yalta (Crimea) is characterized by a temperate climate, similar to the Mediterranean subtropical. Winters are rainy and mild, spring is cool, summer is long and hot, and autumn is warm and long (the so-called velvet season).

Yalta on the map of Crimea is in the arms of the warm sea and mountains, playing the role of reliable defenders against cold winds. This geographical feature provides favorable conditions for holidaymakers.

Yalta (Crimea) is famous, first of all, for its recreational resources. Such reserves as "Cape Martyan", Crimean natural and Yalta mountain-forest, provide the therapeutic and climatic value of the resort.

Beaches

Yalta (photos of the city are presented in the article) is famous for its magnificent beaches. However, not so long ago they were gradually destroyed under the influence of landslides. People began to purposely ennoble the beaches only a few decades ago. So, erection of retaining walls, digging trenches in the seabed and dropping them with stones were organized. With the help of floating cranes, one-hundred-ton buns were installed, and between them were located millions of cubic meters of crushed stone. As a result, people have learned to create artificial beaches, even on those sites that were previously considered absolutely unfit for recreation.

Fauna, flora

Yalta Reserve is a unique place, where about two thousand species of various plants grow. Juniper-oak forests and shrubbery cover the slopes of the city. Most common are common and Crimean pine, as well as juniper, rocky and furry oak, maple, hornbeam, beech, cedar, dogwood, pear and mountain ash.

Forests on the southern coast have an extremely important water protection and soil protection value, therefore they are recognized as protected and carefully protected.

The fauna of the southern Crimean coast has an island character and is similar in type to the Mediterranean. On this territory you can see the red deer, roe deer, mountain sheep-moufflon, stone marten, badger, squirrel-teleutku, wild boar, weasel, fox, hare, hedgehog, shrew, bat.

Ecological situation

First of all, let us single out a number of existing problems:

• At least nine hundred units per hour (sometimes this figure reaches 1600 units) is the transport load on the main highways of Yalta in the summer in the daytime. As for the winter period, the main source of harmful emissions into the atmosphere are boiler houses, the state of the purification systems of which leaves much to be desired for many years.
• The maximum concentration of carbon monoxide on the main roads of Simferopol reaches six MPCs (the maximum permissible concentration), and on the roads of Yalta - three MPCs. This may be due to the use of low quality fuel.
• As experts have established, in Yalta, almost twice the optimal concentration of benzapyrene. This fact allows us to state that the ecological situation in the city is unsatisfactory.
• In March 2012, the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development allocated ten million hryvnias for the modernization of the Yalta sewerage system to stop discharge of discharges into the Black Sea waters. Nevertheless, as of 2013, the city's sewage treatment plants are still in very poor condition. For this reason, the waters adjacent to the beach beaches are periodically polluted by sewage.
• April 2012 was marked by a broad discussion of the problem of poor cleaning of city streets. Local residents independently organized subbotniks to clean Yalta of garbage. In September of the same year, the holding of such events was resumed, as local authorities were not able to maintain cleanliness in the city.

A bit of history

The remains of settlements of ancient inhabitants of Crimean territories - Taurus - were found by archaeologists near Simeiz, at Cape Ai-Todor and Mount Koshka, as well as in some other places. Artifacts were attributed to the fourth or fifth centuries BC. The Taurians were pirates, fishermen, farmers, hunters and pastoralists. Their way of life can be described as semi-sedentary.

According to legend, Yalta is a city founded by Greek explorers. It is believed that they for a long time wandered through the vast Black Sea expanses, and after they saw the long-awaited shore, they exclaimed: "Yalos!" (So the word "shore" sounds in Greek). Since then, these lands have been called. On maps and documents of the XIV century. The city is mentioned as Yalita, Gialit, Callit and Etalita.

Is Yalta Russia or Ukraine? At present it belongs to the Russian Federation, but in the summer of 1475 the city, like the whole Crimea, was captured by the Ottoman Turks. The southern coast was included in the Ottoman Empire. In the second half of the fifteenth century there was a powerful earthquake that destroyed Yalta. Only seventy years later, Armenians and Greeks settled in the devastated terrain. Historians believe that it was at that time that the name used up till now was established in the city.

Is Yalta Russia or Ukraine? Back in 1783, Crimea became part of the Russian Empire. This happened as a consequence of the mass migration of Crimean Christians in the Azov Sea in 1778 and the emigration of the Crimean Tatars to Turkey. At that time Yalta was a small desert fishing village.

The nineteenth century

Governor-General of the Novorossiysk lands - Earl of Vorontsov - in 1823 provided two hundred dessiatines of Yalta land on condition of cultivation of vineyards, gardens and construction. Newly-minted wealthy masters, thanks to the hard work of their serfs, erected in this area luxury villas, palaces, mansions, laid huge industrial gardens and vineyards. In addition, at this time there were magnificent parks, which to this day please the eyes of local residents and tourists: Gurzuf, Massandrovsky, Alupkinsky, Livadia and others.

Gradually expanded Mr. Yalta. The map of the terrain allowed Vorontsov to understand that this inconspicuous settlement, thanks to a unique relief and a comfortable bay, is able to become an important city for Russia.

Important Transformations

The year 1838 was marked by the formation of Yalta Uyezd. Once a deserted village has acquired the status of a city. A year earlier Count Vorontsov ordered the construction of a gravel road that connected Yalta with Simferopol and Alushta. In 1848, the city found a direct road connection with Sevastopol.

Destruction and restoration

During the war of 1853-1856. Seriously affected the whole Crimea. Yalta (a city map of that time helps to understand the nature and scale of the devastation) was no exception. Over time, the city was restored, moreover, it became known as an excellent resort. Dr. Dmitriev and Professor Botkin noted that the Yalta climate is curative. It is for this reason that the Emperor Alexander the Third issued a decree on the construction of two palaces in the city - Livadia and Massandra.

Private construction also did not stand still. So, one of the richest people in Russia - Prince Yusupov - erected a palace in Koreiz, Count Milyutin - in Simeiz, Naryshkin - in Miskhor.

In 1886, according to the instructions of Alexander III, the construction of a powerful pier of stone, as well as a sewage system, was started. Another important realized project of that period was the Yalta embankment. In 1898 the construction of the city water supply system was completed.

As a result, by the end of the nineteenth century, many knew where Yalta was on the map, as the city was already known as a beautiful resort. The interest of those in power was also fueled by the fact that in the 1860s Livadia, near Yalta, became the southern residence of the Tsar's family.

Twentieth Century

Is Yalta Russia or Ukraine? Russia. And at the beginning of the last century, many representatives of the imperial nobility considered it their duty to have a palace or at least a summer residence on the southern coast of the Crimea.

By 1914, two gymnasiums and a commercial college, two clubs, four paid libraries, and the same number of cinemas had already been opened in the city.

The situation of Yalta has changed significantly after the two revolutions - the February and October revolutions. According to the decree of Lenin, luxurious mansions and palaces were used by the people. In addition, new health resorts were actively built. The sanatorium "Dolosy" was the first to open its doors. It happened in 1928.

And again the war ...

During the Great Patriotic War, German troops occupied the Crimea. Anti-Nazi activities were launched in Yalta. The invaders organized a Jewish ghetto in the city. There were 4500 Yalta residents. All of them were later shot near Massandra. In the period from 1941 to 1944, Yalta was mercilessly bombarded by enemy aircraft. The city was liberated from the invaders in April 1944.

Is Yalta Russia or Ukraine? From 1954 to 2014, the city was part of the Ukrainian lands, but at present it is part of the Russian Federation.

Recent history

At the dawn of the twenty-first century, the reconstruction of most of the Yalta coast started. As a result, the condition of the beaches, which today take more than one thousand people a year, was significantly improved, and Massandrovsky was even awarded the "Blue Flag". In 2003, reconstruction work was completed on the city embankment. Since then, it is not only a shopping street, but also a place for mass festivities. In 2009, on the same embankment, a memorial chapel was erected, which was later consecrated in the name of the New Martyrs and Confessors of Russia. It was built in honor of the memory of all innocently murdered in the period of hard times, during the Civil and Great Patriotic War. It is noteworthy that the memorial is located not far from the wooden chapel of St. Alexander Nevsky, demolished in 1932, erected in memory of the deceased at the hands of terrorists Alexander II.

March 18, 2014 Crimea (and Yalta, among others) became part of the Russian Federation. This happened on the basis of a popular referendum held two days earlier, as well as an agreement between the authorities of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Crimea.

Residents of Yalta knowingly proudly call their hometown a museum in the open air. Created for the rest of the Russian nobles, this once-tiny settlement is now a popular resort. Tourists from many countries are happy to luxuriate on local beaches under the gentle Yalta sun.