Interior of a residential building. Planning and interior styles. Plants in the interior of an apartment house

The decoration of the dwelling is one of the oldest types of human activity. In the house we spend a lot of time, so the convenience, atmosphere and overall feeling of the interior is important for our sense of self. Today, the layout and interior of an apartment house is the sphere of work of specially trained people: designers, architects, decorators. Let's talk about the principles on which the interior is built, what styles of decoration exist.

The concept of interior

The literal translation of the word "interior" from French means "internal". In this concept today includes not only decorating, but also planning, zoning, the development of a convenient arrangement of furniture and objects in accordance with the behavioral scenarios of the person. When there is a need to create an interior of an apartment house, the first thing that comes to mind is to turn to specialists. Design of living space is occupied by designers, decorators, sometimes architects. But still more often people are engaged in the design of their homes independently, a little listening to the advice of professionals. Therefore, often the design of the interior is reduced to the arrangement of furniture and the choice of the color of the walls. And the interior is a thoughtful organization of the living space, which should contribute to the normal life of the person.

Principles of interior planning

When creating an interior of an apartment house, one should remember the basic principles of design and planning. First of all, the room must meet the requirements of ergonomics and anthropometry. That is, it should fit a person in size, allowing him to engage in the usual activities, without spending unnecessary resources and not experiencing discomfort. Also any design is kept "on three whales": use, function and beauty. Throughout the long history of design, there have been periods when the focus was exclusively on beauty, for example, in the Baroque era, or only functionality, for example, in the style of minimalism. But modern man strives for a balance of aesthetics and practicality, and also strives to comply with the rule of environmental friendliness. A competent description of the interior of a residential building often mentions the main compositional principles that must be taken into account when decorating a dwelling. This is the integrity, harmony, balance, the presence of a compositional center, accents and rhythm. Any interior consists of three groups of elements: the building envelope, i.e. Walls, floor, ceiling, windows; Objects, i. Furniture, equipment; Functional processes, i.e. Everything that allows a person to perform the necessary actions in the room, and also creates emotions and atmosphere.

Zoning of premises

Making out the living space, it is necessary to think through functional zones at the design stage. It is based on three principles:

- Age. Separate spaces are necessary for different generations of residents.

- Temporary. Traditionally, night and daytime pastime is separated.

- Functional. The room should meet the individual needs and lifestyle of all family members.

The layout of the house must be determined before work begins on the decor. You should carefully think over places for sleep, allocate public and economic zones, think over the location of communications and technical equipment.

Light in the house

A person is a solar creature, and his mood and well-being depend on the illumination of the home, it should be remembered, creating an interior of a residential house. Lighting can be natural and artificial. In the first case we are talking about windows. If there is a possibility, it is better to choose houses with windows facing different sides, and it is desirable that the openings are large enough. But in any case, you can not do without artificial lighting. Planning it, you need to think through various light scenarios that will help tenants live comfortably and act. Traditionally, there is general, functional and accent lighting. Assigning a general light in the room - maintaining a sufficient level of illumination. Traditionally, its sources are located on the ceiling, it can be a central chandelier or several lamps along the perimeter of the ceiling. Today, in modern interiors, designers are increasingly abandoning the central lamp, and prefer a few lamps that support a general level of illumination. Functional light sources are installed over zones where residents will perform some kind of activity: read, prepare, work. In such places, desktop or hanging lamps, sconces, floor lamps are usually installed, preferably with the possibility to change the angle of incidence of the beam. Accent light is designed to highlight in the interior of some of its elements, for example, paintings. For this, small lamps and spots are used.

Plants in the interior of a house. Rules of choice, preferences

Plants play an important role in the interior of the apartment house. They create coziness, "enliven" the room, purify the air, fill it with phytoncides, and can also zonate it. However, it is worth remembering a few, fairly simple rules. The plant should harmoniously fit in its size in the room, it should not capture the whole place, although it can act as an accent. Carefully live plants should be located in the bedrooms and children's rooms, remembering that at night they absorb oxygen. Also, it is worth remembering that flora requires care, and if the owners are not ready for such, it is possible to do artificial copies.

Arrangement of furniture

Any kind of interior of an apartment house is impossible without furniture. When planning a dwelling, you need to think over the arrangement of objects in accordance with the zoning and the needs of people. Not the least role is played by the aesthetic factor. Familiar to everyone the way of furniture distribution along the walls is not always convenient and productive. With the help of furniture you can adjust the shape of the room, which ideally it is desirable to lead to a square. The main rules of the arrangement are as follows:

- it is necessary to observe the proportionality and proportionality of objects;

- between objects in the room should be enough space for transit, to the cabinets and shelves should be provided comfortable access;

- it is necessary to choose the main object, for example, a sofa, a fireplace or a table, and around it to build a composition of the room. Do not be afraid to take an object to the middle of the room, because the complication of the route can create new scenarios for using the room. Before arranging the furniture, you need to carefully analyze the lifestyle of its owners and provide all possible options for calculating the space for each function.

Color in the interior

Creating a project on "Interior of an apartment house", you need to make important decisions about the color filling of the premises. Psychologists have proved that color has a great influence on the mood and well-being of a person, this must be taken into account when choosing color options for an apartment. Also it is worth remembering that a person will spend a lot of time in these rooms, and nothing should irritate or oppress him. There is a rule according to which it is not recommended to use more than 3 colors in one room. 60% of surfaces should be painted in the main color, most often in a reserved and neutral. 30% of surfaces are performed in the second color, it should be in harmony with the main one, but significantly different from it. The easiest way is to select two tones adjacent to the color wheel. 10% of the premises are made up in contrast to the second color. For example, curtains in the interior of a residential house can be a bright accent, the same functions can be performed by sofa cushions or large decor objects.

Interior Style

Today, designers use a variety of styles in the interior of an apartment building. Choosing it, you should evaluate the possibilities of the room. So, a large bright room is ideal for a classic style, and a small area can be increased using the possibilities of high-tech or minimalism. Also, the choice of style is certainly influenced by the personal preferences of the owners, the climate outside the window, the general concept of design and even fashion. Decoration of the interior, do not always strive to create a perfect stylization, yet the house must reflect the individuality of the owners. In addition, today not relevant stylizations are relevant, but nuanced interiors, with slight hints of a certain style. Eclecticism is the main style that dominates in the 21st century.

Classic

The most popular style in which the interior of an apartment house is made out is a classic. Signs of it is a gravitation to light tones and traditional materials: wood, stone. Classic interiors are built on the principles of symmetry, with a clear separation of the compositional center. Usually the center of the room passes an invisible axis, relative to which a harmonious symmetrical composition is created. This style is characterized by the use of such elements as stucco molding, half-columns, pilasters, rosettes, expensive fabrics, furniture from a massif of valuable species of trees, parquet. Usually the classics are characterized by the use of a large number of decorative elements: vases, paintings, sofa cushions, candlesticks, lamps. Classics involves central lighting in the form of a chandelier, most often crystal, and several additional light sources.

Historicism

Classical styles in the interior of an apartment house are divided into several epochs, called "great styles". It is classicism, baroque, rococo and empire. The most luxurious and ornate is Baroque, we can see it in the royal palaces of Louis XIV. It is typical for him to use a large number of carved, gilded details, velvet in upholstery and curtains, paintings. The more restrained and refined rococo, characteristic for the times of Louis XVI, differs almost completely in the absence of straight lines. In it, as in all historical styles, gravitation toward symmetry and the use of natural materials is preserved. Classicism - the most famous and popular style in the design of houses of the aristocracy. It is inherent in the desire for laconicism and strictness of ancient traditions. Classicism became an imperial style - Empire, which departs from the canonical straight and simple lines. Empire is a luxury and scope. All historical styles require spaces with high ceilings and large volumes.

Modernity

The concept of "modern style" is very wide. It has an infinite number of variations, with ethnic, historical, functional shades. But most importantly, the modern interior of a residential house should be easy to care for, comfortable for life and appropriate to the spirit of the times. It is characterized by a mix of objects of different styles, characterized by straight lines, a large number of simple surfaces, without drawings and textures. Also modern style assumes a minimum of a decor which would take away time for leaving and has overloaded an interior. Premises in this style are created so that a person can relax and rest. But the interior should be as comfortable as possible. All functions must be taken into account in it. Therefore, it often uses transformer objects that perform several functions simultaneously.

Minimalism

A variation of modern style is minimalism. As it is clear from the title, he aspires to remove the excess objects from the premises as much as possible. First and foremost, this applies to decoration items. There is no place for carpets, chandeliers, vases. Minimalist interior of a residential building makes the most of all the built-in: appliances, lighting. Many pieces of furniture "hide" in simple surfaces. For example, a reclining bed or table is a popular trick of minimalism. This style is characterized by a small number of colors, the most popular tones are white, gray and black. To impart dynamics to the interior, bright accents can be used, for example, a yellow armchair in a gray room.

Modern

Always actual interior design of an apartment house is the Art Nouveau or Art Nouveau style. It is characterized by a large number of curved lines, plant motifs. The top of this style was the interiors of A. Gaudi and F. Shekhtel. This style is a fierce opponent of symmetry, there are no straight lines here. Everything is built on a game of shades and nuances. This style is inherent in the use of a large number of details, ornaments, an abundance of textiles, it can combine elements from other styles, the main thing is harmony and mood. The decision in the Art Nouveau style can be bright, using bold coloristic solutions, or maybe subtle, nuanced.

Ethnica

Designers often offer to design residential premises in an ethnic style. The advantage of this style is its infinite variety. It can be national variants of classics, for example, English or American style. And also cozy country options, for example, Provence, Austrian chalets. Although most often by ethnicity we mean interiors in the spirit of India, Morocco, Mexico, China, Japan, Africa. The beauty of the ethnic style is that it allows you to create a vivid and individual image. It is characterized by the use of traditional items of a certain territory or country.