Patterns and ornaments of baroque

Under the ornament you need to understand the decoration, which is necessary to fill the empty space on the objects. He acts as one of the forms of creativity, which is not indicated separately, but it decorates the products. Ornament is presented as a complex artistic structure, which includes: color, texture, special lines. Naturally motifs are used in the form of the bend of the stem, the patterned leaf, etc. The concept of "ornamentation" is interconnected with such a concept as a decor, which in a separate form does not exist. What are baroque ornaments?

Baroque style

How is the Baroque ornament? Baroque - an artistic style that originated in Italy and spread to many European states from the end of the XVI to the middle of the XVIII century. The name of the style came from the Portuguese "pearl of irregular shape".

Ornament is characterized by its originality and picturesqueness. It retains some of the motifs of Greek and Roman art. The ornaments use figures of half-stars and half-people, various garlands of flowers, there is a combination of the symbolic sun with lilies and shells.

Later baroque (second half of the XVII century.) Is characterized by symmetry. It imitates architecture in the form of columns, balustrades and consoles. At this time, the decor is rich, but heavy and majestic.

Ornamental motives

What are the Baroque ornaments and patterns? In addition to classical acanthus, the ornament consists of cartouches, shells, floor lamps and flower vases. There are many garlands, arabesques, cornucopia and musical instruments, which are magnificently framed and arranged symmetrically.

On the ornaments of the Baroque the pictures can be seen the following: unusual flowers of unusual shape, twigs and leaves of plants, sheaves with ears and many other drawings. They were then placed on the tissues.

Ornament of Baroque in the states of Western Europe

What baroque ornaments were used during this period? Originally this style was applied in sculpture and architecture of churches and for a long time preserved certain features of the Renaissance.

The greatest flowering of baroque falls on the middle of the XVIII century. By this period it covers all areas of artistic activity. Style entered construction (church, civil), in the manufacture of fabrics, clothing, weapons and jewelry.

The general orientation of the Baroque is the decorative decoration of the dwelling and the decoration of things. The main goal was to create mystical splendor, create the sensations of a living and active force. This was necessary for the needs of the Catholic Church. In this style, temples served to glorify the power of Catholicism with the help of architecture, sculpture, painting, etc. The most widespread baroque was spread in those countries where the traditions of Catholics were strong - in Italy, France and Spain.

Gradually, this style embraced the palaces of kings and nobility. Baroque in many countries had to taste the monarchs, allowing them to exalt their superiority. In a more simplified form, the style has spread to rural and urban residents.

Ornament of the Baroque style in Russia

What baroque ornaments were used in Russia? In the second half of the XVIII century. In Russia, especially in furniture, two styles are combined: Baroque and Rococo. During this period, famous architects F. Rastrelli, SI Chevakinsky and others are busy creating beautiful palaces with luxurious decorations for the rich people of Petersburg. Palaces appear in majestic beauty: the ceremonial halls, huge mirrors and windows, an abundance of lighting fixtures and candles. All furniture is conceived as a general decorative decoration, which consists of carved armchairs and consoles. It is installed on the sides of the room. The main halls were considered the center of the palace and were furnished with special luxury, and the living rooms were decorated much more modestly.

In this period in the palaces there was a lack of interior and furniture. They had to move from the Winter Palace to the Summer Palace, which caused the furniture to become unusable. This was recalled by Catherine II in her correspondence.

Application of the Baroque style in the decoration of premises

The main type of decor is carving, which was painted in several shades or was gilded.

The walls were covered with silk fabrics with patterns in the form of flowers. Sometimes velvet was used, which was blue, green or crimson. Such walls served as an excellent frame for paintings with gilded frames.

A lot of mirrors helped to visually enlarge the room. In the walls there were niches in which were placed marble or bronze sculptures.

The colors were presented in bright shades. The most used are blue or white using gold and green colors.

The ceiling is painted, with bright paintings. There were images of animals, birds, fruits, etc.

Furniture in baroque style

What ornaments of baroque could be found in furniture? It was attended by the following features:

• All furniture facades are devoid of a rectangular contour, which is characteristic of Renaissance style products.
• In baroque furniture, its surfaces (countertops) are broken by patterned inlay.
• For the first time, curved surfaces were used in the furniture, which were made from wood by bending. In expensive products such forms have cabinet doors, and sometimes side walls of chests of drawers.
• The border symmetry with the correct ornament, which is characteristic of the Gothic, is replaced by a free pattern. Furniture is encrusted with ivory, copper, ebony, etc.
• For the baroque style is characterized by the complex figureiness of such elements as the legs of tables, chairs and cabinets.

In modern furniture, baroque elements are rarely used. Some spreads were ornamented with vegetable character, which in simplified form are used on the doors of cabinets or on countertops.

Ornament of rococo

What is common in the ornaments of baroque and rococo? The Rococo style is a late stage in the development of the Baroque, which has always sought greater freedom and simplicity of compositions.

Its name came from the French "rocky", which means the rock. In the XVII century. The fountains began to decorate in the form of fragments of stone blocks, which were covered with plants, intertwined in a chaotic order. This was the beginning of the development of the style, in which the main property was asymmetry.

In rococo admiration of the art of China, India and Persia, so among the ornaments you can see palm trees, figures of monkeys and dragons. Also, the style has a love for nature, but not for its natural beauty, but for the artificial.

As before, the source of inspiration is the ancient mythology. The main figure becomes Venus and everyone who is connected with it by the plot. These are nymphs, cupids.

This way, in the intertwining of these elements, a new style was born, distinguished by grace and grace.

Classicism style

Consider the ornament of baroque and classicism. What is the difference? Since the end of the XVII century. Comes the era of classicism. The appearance of the style was greatly influenced by the excavations of Pompeii and Herculaneum. Once again, ancient art becomes a source of inspiration. However, a new vision of the world is added to classicism.

Ornament acquires a balance with clear and distinct straight lines, squares, ovals and rectangles.

A lot of elements that are characteristic of Baroque and Rococo, are preserved, but there is a disposal of excesses and congestion in details.

Many figurative compositions are refined and full of harmony. Among the favorite motifs: sphinxes, baskets of flowers, the head of a lion, dolphins, etc.

Ornament of classicism attracts with simple and elegant lines, which is manifested in its similarity to Greek art.

The Baroque ornament, which has solemnity and dynamism, left its imprint on subsequent styles with its unique compositions.