Impairment of glucose tolerance: symptoms, treatment, causes. What is dangerous for violation of glucose tolerance?

The violation of glucose tolerance is a common problem. That is why many people are interested in additional information about what a similar state is. What are the causes of the violations? What are the symptoms of pathology? What methods of diagnostics and treatment are offered by modern medicine?

What is a similar violation?

What is a violation of glucose tolerance? In a similar state, a person has an increase in blood glucose. The amount of sugar is higher than normal, but at the same time lower than when patients are diagnosed with "type 2 diabetes."

Thus, a violation of tolerance is one of the risk factors. The results of recent scientific studies have shown that about one third of patients eventually develop diabetes mellitus. Nevertheless, if certain rules are followed and the medicamental treatment is correctly selected, the metabolism is normalized.

The main reasons for the development of glucose tolerance

Not in all cases, doctors can determine why the patient developed a similar disease. Nevertheless, it was possible to find out the main causes of impaired glucose tolerance:

• First of all, it is worth mentioning the genetic predisposition, which takes place in many cases. If one of your close relatives has diabetes mellitus, the likelihood of developing such a condition increases at times.
• In some patients, a so-called insulin resistance is detected during the course of diagnosis, in which the sensitivity of cells to insulin is disturbed.
• In some cases, impaired glucose tolerance develops as a result of pancreatic diseases, in which its secretory activity is impaired. For example, problems with carbohydrate metabolism may appear against the background of pancreatitis.
• For reasons also include some diseases of the endocrine system, which are accompanied by metabolic disorders and increased blood sugar (eg, Itenko-Cushing's disease).
• One of the risk factors is obesity.
• Sedentary lifestyle also has a negative effect on the work of the body.
• Sometimes the change in the amount of sugar in the blood is associated with taking medications, in particular, hormonal drugs (in most cases, "culprits" are glucocorticoids).

Impairment of glucose tolerance: symptoms

Unfortunately, this pathology in most cases is asymptomatic. Patients rarely complain of a deterioration of well-being or simply do not notice it. By the way, most people with a similar diagnosis suffer from excess weight, which is associated with a violation of normal metabolic processes.

As the aggravation of carbohydrate metabolism disorders begins to appear characteristic signs, which are accompanied by a violation of glucose tolerance. Symptoms in this case are thirst, a feeling of dryness in the mouth and increased fluid intake. Accordingly, patients have frequent urination. Against the background of hormonal and metabolic disorders, there is a significant decrease in immune defense - people become extremely susceptible to inflammatory and fungal diseases.

What is dangerous for this disorder?

Certainly, many patients with such a diagnosis are interested in questions about what is dangerous for the violation of glucose tolerance. First of all, this condition is considered dangerous because, in the absence of treatment, there is a very high risk of developing all known insidious diseases, namely type 2 diabetes. On the other hand, this disorder increases the likelihood of developing cardiovascular diseases.

Basic diagnostic methods

The diagnosis of "impaired glucose tolerance" can only be made by a doctor. To begin with, a specialist will conduct an examination and collect an anamnesis (the presence of certain complaints from the patient, information about previous diseases, the presence of people with diabetes in the family, etc.).

In the future, a standard blood test for the level of sugar. Sampling is carried out in the morning, on an empty stomach. A similar procedure is carried out in any clinic. As a rule, the level of glucose in such patients exceeds 5.5 mmol / l. Nevertheless, in order to establish an accurate diagnosis, a special test for glucose tolerance is needed.

Test and indications for its conduct

Such a study to date is one of the most accessible and effective methods of diagnosing a condition called "impaired glucose tolerance." But although testing is quite simple, correct preparation is very important here.

For a few days before taking blood, the patient is recommended to avoid stress and increased physical activity. The procedure is carried out in the morning and on an empty stomach (not earlier than 10 hours after the last meal). First, the patient takes a portion of blood, after which they suggest drinking a powder of glucose dissolved in warm water. After 2 hours, a second blood sample is taken. In the laboratory, the level of sugar in the samples is determined and the results are compared.

If before the intake of glucose the blood sugar level was 6.1-5.5 mmol, and after two hours it jumped sharply to 7.8-11.0 mmol / l, then one can already speak of a violation of tolerance.

In fact, experts recommend that such a test be carried out to every person at least every two years - this is a very effective preventive precaution, which will help to identify the disease at an early stage. However, there are some risk groups for which analysis is mandatory. For example, people with a genetic predisposition to diabetes, as well as patients suffering from obesity, hypertension, high cholesterol, atherosclerosis, and neuropathy of unknown origin are often sent for testing.

Impairment of glucose tolerance: treatment

If the test for tolerance gave a positive result, then you immediately need to contact the endocrinologist. Only a specialist knows which therapy requires a violation of glucose tolerance. Treatment at this stage, as a rule, is not medicated. However, the patient is required to change the habitual way of life as soon as possible.

It is extremely important to ensure that the body weight is within normal limits. Of course, it is not worthwhile to sit on strict diets or to deplete the body with intensive physical loads. Fighting excess kilograms is necessary, gradually changing the diet and increasing physical activity. By the way, training should be regular - at least three times a week. It is worth to give up smoking, since this bad habit leads to a narrowing of the vessels and damage to the cells of the pancreas.

Of course, you need to carefully monitor the blood sugar level, regularly undergo tests at the endocrinologist and take the necessary tests - this will provide an opportunity to determine in time the presence of complications.

If this treatment is not effective, the doctor may prescribe some drugs that lower blood sugar levels. But it is worthwhile to understand that there is no universal panacea for such a disease.

Proper nutrition is an integral part of therapy

Of course, nutrition plays an extremely important role in the treatment of this pathology. The violation of glucose tolerance requires a special diet. First of all, it is necessary to change the mode of food intake. Patients are advised to eat 5-7 times a day, but portions should be small - this will help relieve the load from the digestive system.

What other changes require a violation of glucose tolerance? Diet in this case must necessarily exclude sweets - sugar, sweets, sweet pastries are banned. In addition, it is necessary to limit the amount of products containing easily digestible carbohydrates - bread and bakery products, pasta, potatoes, etc. Specialists also recommend reducing the amount of fat - do not abuse fat meat varieties, butter, lard. At the time of rehabilitation, it is also worth giving up coffee and even tea, because these drinks (even without sugar) have the property of increasing blood glucose levels.

What should the patient's diet consist of? First of all, these are vegetables and fruits. They can be eaten in raw, boiled, baked form. The necessary amount of proteins can be obtained by introducing in the menu low-fat varieties of meat and fish, nuts, legumes, milk and sour-milk products.

Basic preventive measures

The violation of glucose tolerance can be extremely dangerous. And in this case it is much easier to avoid such a disorder than to face the risk of developing diabetes. To maintain the normal functioning of the body you need to observe only some simple rules.

To begin with it is necessary to correct a diet. Experts recommend a fractional food - there are 5-7 times a day, but necessarily small portions. In the daily menu it is necessary to limit the number of sweets, baked goods and over-fatty foods, replacing it with fresh fruits, vegetables and other useful products.

It is important to monitor the body weight and provide the body with the necessary physical exertion. Of course, excessive physical activity can also be dangerous - the load needs to be increased gradually. Of course, physical education should be regular.