HealthDiseases and Conditions

Hygroma is what? Hygroma: causes and treatment

Under the hygroma is meant a small size cyst that forms in the tissues of the body. It is considered an occupational disease. The reasons for the formation of gigrom are not fully understood. However, experts suggest assumptions about the hereditary nature and the connection with repeated traumatization. Conservative therapy in this case is of low effectiveness, surgical intervention is required.

General information

Hygroma is a cystic benign formation consisting of a dense connective tissue wall and viscous contents. The latter outwardly resembles a transparent jelly, and by nature - serous fluid with impurities of mucus. Hygromes are connected directly with the joints and localized next to them.

Pathology does not differ in age limitations, so it can be diagnosed in both an adult and a child. It occurs quite often and focuses mainly on the wrist, knee, and hands. The most dangerous place of localization is the occiput, in this case the probability of a lethal outcome increases.

Cystic neoplasm develops as a result of transformation of the synovial joint region of the joint and represents a small cone of a circular shape, ranging in size from a few millimeters to seven centimeters.

Hygroma is a pathology that belongs to the group of joint diseases. Cystic formation may disappear from time to time. In such cases, a deceptive impression may appear that it has resolved itself, but after a while the problem arises again. That's why you should not ignore the hygromous. In each case, qualified specialist assistance is required.

Hygroma: the causes of education

The root cause of the development of pathology is the transformation of connective tissue sites. As a result, two types of cells appear: spindle-shaped (form a capsule) and spherical (filled with a fluid that subsequently penetrates into the intercellular space).

The exact causes of this problem are unknown. Physicians identify a number of factors that contribute to its development:

  • Hereditary predisposition.
  • Frequent injury to the joints.
  • Decreased / increased intra-uterine activity.
  • Sprain.
  • Permanent load on the joint (most often, pathology is diagnosed in people whose professional activities are directly related to work at the computer, on musical instruments).

In the fair sex, such cystic neoplasms occur three times more often than men. The overwhelming majority of cases of their appearance occur at a young age. Hygroma in children and elderly people is diagnosed very rarely.

Clinical picture

Initially, a small tumor begins to develop in the joint area, clearly visible under the skin. Usually there are single hygromes. In some cases, simultaneous formation of several pathologies is possible.

There are both very elastic and solid formations of benign nature. In all cases, they have clear boundaries, and the base is inextricably linked with the adjacent tissues. The skin is free to move. How does a hygroma (photo) look like in specialized medical reference books.

When pressure is applied to the affected area, painful discomfort arises. The skin above the hygroma can remain unchanged or acquire a purple hue, peeling off. After exercise, the pathology increases in size, and then at rest again decreases. Approximately 35% of cases it is asymptomatic.

When these symptoms appear, it is recommended to seek medical advice. At the reception the doctor will tell you what the hygroma is, determine the cause of its occurrence and prescribe the appropriate therapy.

What is the difference in the pathology of children?

The clinical picture in small patients directly depends on the localization of education and its size. Small diameter hygromes can develop for several years and do not cause discomfort. In case of an exacerbation of a pathology in its or her place there can be a hyperemia. Education itself looks like a tumor that stays immobile. At palpation does not cause morbidity, the temperature does not exceed the norm.

Hygroma can be characterized by a chronic course, when the exacerbation is replaced by periods of remission. Specialists distinguish several symptoms, at the appearance of which parents should immediately consult a doctor:

  • The presence on the skin of the formations of a circular shape up to 5 cm in diameter. Most often this is the hygroma. Photos of patients with this pathology are presented in this article.
  • When the joint moves, painful discomfort of varying intensity appears.
  • Skin covers around the tumor acquire a crimson hue, there is a small swelling.

Hygroma is a serious pathology that requires competent and timely treatment. Do not click on the formation or wait until it resolves itself.

What are hygromes?

Specialists distinguish two types of gigrom: single-chamber and multi-chamber.

The following types of formations are distinguished at the site of localization:

  1. Hygroma of the wrist. It is accompanied by severe pain, interferes with the normal operation of the joints, requires immediate removal.
  2. Hygroma of the wrist joint. It is perfectly visible from under the skin, sometimes localized under the ligaments. Neoplasm in this area is usually not accompanied by a vivid clinical picture.
  3. The pathology of the joint. The main reason for the appearance of such a problem is thinning or damage to the joints. To the touch, the pathology is characterized by elasticity. When it is detected, it is recommended to provide the arm with complete rest, otherwise the tumor will increase in size.
  4. Hygroma on the fingers. Delivers a lot of inconvenience to a person, causing severe pain under pressure. Over time, the pathology may increase in size.
  5. Hygroma of foot. Localized in the ankle or outside the phalanal bones. It is accompanied by pain discomfort during the movement. Education can easily be traumatized by close shoes, so it is recommended to immediately remove it surgically.
  6. Hygroma of the knee joint. The tumor develops as a result of the accumulation of fluid directly in the cavity of the synovial bag. The risk group includes athletes, as well as people who spend a lot of time on their feet (couriers, postmen, sellers).
  7. Education under the knee.
  8. Pathology of the tendon. The tumor appears against the background of bursitis.
  9. The brain hygroma.
  10. Education on the neck. It is mainly diagnosed in newborns. A tumor consists of several cysts.

Diagnostic measures

Treatment hygroma folk remedies is highly effective. It is possible to resort to his help only after consulting with the attending physician and final diagnosis. Moreover, doctors recommend using alternative medicine only as a supplement to the main course of treatment.

Usually, the pathology is confirmed on the basis of anamnesis and a characteristic clinical picture. To exclude osteoarthritis, the doctor may prescribe a radiograph. In doubtful cases, the patient is sent for ultrasound, MRI, and puncture the hygroma (sampling fluid from the formation).

Ultrasound examination allows not only to examine the cyst itself, but also to evaluate its structure, to determine the presence of blood vessels in the walls.

If a patient suspects a nodule, the patient may be sent to an MRI. This study allows you to accurately determine the structure of the tumor and its contents. The disadvantage of the technique is relatively high cost.

Differential diagnosis is performed with other neoplasms of benign nature (lipomas, atheromas, etc.), taking into account the localization, consistency of the tumor and patient complaints.

Conservative therapy

Treatment of pathology directly depends on its localization. Neglect their own health is not worth it, because in addition to aesthetic discomfort, education can significantly worsen the quality of life. For example, if a tumor is localized in the foot, it is difficult for a person to move around fully. Hygroma of the knee joint usually does not cause any problems, but it can constantly increase in size.

Conservative treatment is recommended only at the initial stage of pathology development and includes the following measures:

  • X-ray therapy.
  • Physiotherapy.
  • Punctures (suction by the special syringe of the contents of the formation with the simultaneous introduction of drugs that promote rapid healing).
  • Blockade of glucocorticoids (the procedure is similar to puncture, but in this case other drugs are used).
  • Immobilization with an orthopedic bandage for seven days.

Conservative therapy can be effective only in case of resting the affected joint. If treatment of a hygroma without an operation did not help, the specialist decides on an operation.

Surgical method

If the tumor rapidly increases in size, accompanied by severe pain, the patient is recommended surgery. Currently, there are several options for removing the existing education:

  • Bursectomy - excision of the so-called synovial bag. The operation is performed using a local anesthetic option. For a couple of weeks, the limb is firmly fixed with a plaster bandage for complete immobilization. The probability of relapse after such treatment is almost zero. The main thing for a bursectomy is excision of the entire synovial bag. Otherwise, the probability increases that after a while the hygroma will grow again. The operation requires a high qualification of the specialist, as with incorrect movement, it is possible to injure blood vessels and nerves, disrupt the motor functionality of the limb.
  • Laser therapy. The tumor is gradually heated by a laser beam until its final disappearance. This procedure has a lot of advantages, including: minor traumatism, absence of postoperative scars, rapid healing of the wound.

Treatment of hygroma folk remedies

Therapy of cystic education with the help of our grandmother's recipes is quite popular, and in some cases even effective.

  1. Mix bee honey, rye flour and a fleshy part of aloe in equal proportions until a mushy consistency is obtained. This cake should be applied to the affected area for a whole night, covering it with food film.
  2. Dissolve 2-3 tablespoons of salt in one glass of water. In the resulting mixture add red clay in such a volume to get a creamy mass. Tumor should be lubricated with a thick layer of mass and each time wound with a bandage. This compress should be worn throughout the day, periodically moisturizing with water.
  3. Of 200 g of chopped celandine, juice should be squeezed out, blotted with gauze and applied to the affected area. After that, cover it with a food film and leave it overnight. This procedure is recommended to be repeated every three days.

Possible complications

Hygroma is a pathology that very rarely leads to complications, but the likelihood of their appearance increases with the following conditions:

  • Tendovaginitis purulent.
  • Infection during surgical intervention (use of non-sterile instruments, low specialist qualification).
  • Re-formation of the tumor.

Complications are often observed due to the use of a general variant of anesthesia. Therefore, the patient is carefully examined before the operation.

Preventive measures

If this pathology in a child is of a hereditary nature or is formed during the period of fetal development (for example, fetal hygroma), it is not possible to prevent it.

For adult patients, doctors identify several preventive recommendations that help prevent the emergence of cystic education:

  1. Physical loads should be distributed symmetrically to the joints.
  2. In intensive sports, elastic bandages should be used to permanently fix the joints.
  3. For injuries and mechanical injuries, it is recommended to consult a doctor.

Conclusion

What is hygroma? It is a tumor characterized by a benign nature and localized in the region of the joints. Outwardly it resembles a small diameter ball. You can not be afraid that the hygroma will degenerate into cancer, but it should not be left without attention. In addition to aesthetic discomfort, pathology can make it difficult to work or move. That is why the tumor should be treated conservatively or surgically removed. With timely therapy, one can hope for a favorable prognosis and the restoration of labor activity.

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