Homestead Lefortovo: history of origin, description

Manor Lefortovo in Moscow is one of the oldest districts. The territory has changed beyond recognition for many centuries according to the whims of its various owners, each time demonstrating their unique characters and tastes.

The beginning of history

The past Lefortovo intertwines with the history of the Yauza. This river flows in the German settlement. The first factual references to the settlements of different foreigners in Moscow can be found in the writings of the 16th - 17th centuries. The Livonian War was the reason for the appearance in the capital of many foreigners. It is believed that the first German settlement in the city, located between the Yauza and the Cukui Creek, was formed from the captured enemy Ivan the Terrible.

Flowering

The reign of Peter the Great turned the German settlement and the neighboring village of Preobrazhenskoye into a noble Moscow suburb. These lands have also become the core of Russian political life. Here the acquaintance of Peter and Franz Lefort took place. In the future they will become best friends. Peter often spent time on the banks of the Yauza River, in the modest home of his acquaintance. The king visited Lefort always with a crowd of gay acquaintances. A large hall, attached to the habitation of a friend and designed for 1500 guests, was paid for by Peter. But this seemed to the tsar a little. In the years 1697-1698. On the site of a modest house, stone mansions were built, paid for with fully public money. At the beginning of the XVII century. Under Peter's leadership of the military reorganization, the entire left bank was placed at the disposal of the military suburbs of the Preobrazhensky, Semyonovsky and Lefortovo regiments. In 1692, in September, the construction of 500 soldiers' barracks began. They stood in the right order, and it was possible to distinguish the directions of streets or alleys in this situation. Through the river there were new bridges, called Soldatsky and Hospital, and in 1711 the construction of a stone church bearing the name of Saints Peter and Paul began. So the estate Lefortovo began to exist. The built palace almost became the representation of Peter the Great. The settlement in the new chambers was celebrated in February 1699. In March of the same year, Peter's friend died. But construction here has developed further. In 1706-1707 years. Peter's order was executed, and for the wounded employees a "military hospital" was erected. The left bank of the Yauza River in the XVIII century. Served as a place for walking and living, the capital's seat of the emperor. To build it began F. Golovin - the approximate king. Fyodor Alekseevich in 1701 bought from the former wife of the deceased merchant a house near the Lefortovo Palace and built a homestead there according to European traditions. Later it became the seat of the king. Later the estate Lefortovo was bought by Peter from the successors of Fedor Alekseevich. In its place, Bidloo began to equip the new palace on behalf of the emperor and added water sources during its construction.

Development

For Yauza, the construction of palaces was going on; The farmstead Lefortovo expanded. During the reign of Peter II, the chambers were in palaces that have a magnificent history. Here Peter II and Catherine Dolgorukaya became spouses, the Supreme Privy Council decided to put Anna Ioannovna on the throne, who was Peter the Great's niece, and here her victory was celebrated. The ruler gave a commission to FB Rastrelli to erect new royal chambers. Under the reign of Paul I, from 1796 to 1801, the Lefortovo manor began to look like a military-style building. The Catherine Palace became the barracks of the Arkharovsk police regiment. The Slobodsky Chambers, which were the royal representation, the new ruler placed on the right bank of the Yauza, near the palace of Lefort. The buildings, located on different banks of the river, began to connect the stone bridge. He, a little changed, has survived even now. Today it is the oldest bridge in Moscow. Although Paul I was the last who lived here, sometimes there were celebrations such as the ascent of the throne of Alexander II in 1856. Since 1830, these lands have become the Blagusha-Lefortovo district of the capital.

Present time

In 2005, the Moscow State Unified Museum-Reserve was created. It includes Golovinsky Park, which will be reconstructed and opened for excursions. About the territory, where the manor Lefortovo is located, the reviews are most enthusiastic. Tourists coming to look at this place, amazes the scope of construction, decoration of palaces. The Lefortovo manor is invariably attracted annually by connoisseurs of history. How to get to this place? Walking distance from Baumanskaya metro station can be reached in 20 minutes. From the area of three stations to the manor there is a tram number 50, and from the metro station "Kurskaya" - No. 24. On the 24th trolley bus it is possible to get from "Aviamotornaya" metro station and "Krasnye Vorota" metro station.