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History of Kyrgyzstan - will the old way come back?

Sovereign Kyrgyzstan is a small state in Central Asia. Kyrgyzstan is a mountainous country, 90% of its territory is located on the Tien-Shan and Pamir-Alai mountain ranges. The country borders with Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan and China. Despite the great opportunities for growing agricultural products and developing cattle breeding, the former Soviet Union is economically poor. This state of affairs helps to understand the history of Kyrgyzstan, originating in the V millennium BC.

In the V - III millennium BC. On the territory of Kyrgyzstan lived tribes of hunters, farmers and nomads, isolated from each other. Traces of their habitat were found by archaeologists on the territory adjacent to Lake Issyk-Kul, in the Fergana Valley, in the suburbs of Bishkek and Naryn, and in the valley of the Sary-Jaz river. Since the II millennium BC. Begin to appear the first association, remotely resembling the state.

For two millennia, despite the difficulty of crossing the mountain ranges, migrations of various tribes took place, due to which the population of the country grew. In the V II century. N.E. The territory was conquered by the Western Turkic Khaganate, and then became part of the Karluk Kaganate. However, in 9-10 centuries. The situation is changing - the Kirghiz Khaganate is entering the historical scene . The Kaganate occupied an extensive area covering part of Turkestan, the upper Irtysh, part of Western Siberia. Agricultural tribes begin to trade not only with nomads, but also with caravans going along the Great Silk Road. This situation lasted until Genghis Khan conquered China in 1218, and then walked with his horde in Central Asia. The campaign of Genghis Khan was marked by the destruction and destruction of all the cities that met him on the road.

From the 13th to 19th century, the history of Kyrgyzstan has many sections of its territory between different conquerors. In the 19th century, Kyrgyzstan was annexed to the Russian Empire. Almost immediately there was an uprising of the Kyrgyz who were dissatisfied with this joining, headed by Pulutkhan. However, the uprising was brutally suppressed. Since 1850, immigrants from various regions of the European part of Russia follow the army and capture the most fertile land. After the uprising, the population declined, but the livestock population, the main source of life of the Kyrgyz, especially the nomadic tribes, fell most.

After the revolution of 1917, although there were opponents of Soviet power, the history of Kyrgyzstan is gaining new momentum. There were attempts to raise the uprising, but Kyrgyzstan was incorporated into Turkestan. Basmachi tried to provide armed resistance, but by 1920 it was finally broken. Many innovations and interference of the Soviet authorities in the traditional way of life changed the life of the Kyrgyz - equality of women and men was introduced, polygamy is forbidden, bride price is prohibited, and much more.

Soviet power never treated the conquered territory favorably. And although it is thanks to the USSR that Kyrgyzstan gets the status of a full-fledged Soviet republic and an active growth of industry begins, it is in the position of a poor relative. In Kyrgyzstan coal production begins, antimony and mercury production opens, and in 1929 the creation of collective farms begins. And although by 1941, about 300,000 collective farms were created, this was achieved at the cost of arrests and shootings of all those who do not want to join collective farms and give their livestock for general use.

History of Kyrgyzstan in times of Soviet power Was marked by Stalin's repression. Especially a lot of them were in the 30s. This time was marked by arrests, exile and executions of elders, priests and simply all dissatisfied with the new way of life.

In the 1980s, they began to establish ties with Kyrgyz people living outside the republic.

After the coup in Moscow, the Kyrgyz Republic declared its independence and began to be called sovereign Kyrgyzstan. After gaining independence, the republic faced enormous economic difficulties. This caused an outflow of people to more prosperous regions. National strife has begun in the country, skillfully fueled by nationalists and reaching armed clashes. This only spurred the departure of more or less qualified workers from the country. Kyrgyzstan has not been able to adapt to the new economic conditions so far, and old traditions of farming and way of life have been destroyed.

This is not the end of the history of Kyrgyzstan. Despite national conflicts within the country and economic poverty, highly developed countries are beginning to show interest in it. Whether this will grow to the former heights of economic well-being will be clear only in the future.

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