Heroes-Partisans of the Great Patriotic War (1941-1945)

The partisans of the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945 are part of the Resistance movement, which was designed to destroy the German security system (undermining provisions, ammunition, roads, etc.). As you know, the fascist invaders were very much afraid of this organization, so they treated its members very cruelly.

RSFSR

The main points of the tasks of the partisan movement were formulated in the directive of 1941. In more detail, the necessary actions were described in Stalin's order of 1942.

The basis of the partisan detachments was made up of ordinary inhabitants, mostly occupied territories, that is, those who knew life under a fascist sight and power. Similar organizations began to appear from the first days of the war. Old men, women, men, who for some reason were not taken to the front and even by children, pioneers, entered there.

The partisans of the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945 led sabotage, were engaged in reconnaissance (even undercover), propaganda, provided combat assistance to the army of the USSR, and directly destroyed the enemy.

On the territory of the RSFSR, there were countless number of detachments, sabotage groups, formations (about 250 thousand people), each of which brought tremendous benefits for achieving victory. Many names have always remained in the annals of history.

Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya, which became a symbol of heroism, was abandoned to the German rear to set fire to the village of Petrischevo, where the German regiment was located. Naturally, she was not alone, but, by coincidence, their group was partially scattered after the arson of three houses. Zoya decided to return there alone and finish the work. But the residents were already on guard and Zoya was seized. She had to go through terrible torture and humiliation (including from compatriots), but she did not give out any name. The fascists hanged the girl, but even during the execution she did not lose courage and urged the Soviet people to resist the German invaders. The first of the women she was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

The Byelorussian SSR

The partisan movement in Belarus lasted from 1941 to 1944. During this time, a lot of strategic tasks were solved, the main one of which was the disabling of German trains and directly the railway tracks on which they moved.

Partisans of the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945 provided invaluable assistance in the fight against the invaders. 87 of them were awarded the highest military award of the Soviet Union. Among them was Marat Kazey, a sixteen-year-old boy whose mother was executed by the Germans. He came to the partisan detachment to defend his right to freedom and a happy life. On an equal basis with adults, he performed assignments.

Before the victory, Marat did not live exactly one year. He died in May 1944. Every death in the war is tragic in itself, but when a child dies, it becomes a thousand times more painful.

Marat and his commander returned to the headquarters. By chance, they met the German punitive forces. The commander was killed immediately, the boy could only be wounded. While shooting, he disappeared into the forest, but the Germans pursued him. While the bullets did not end, Marat left the chase. And then he made an important decision for himself. The boy had two grenades. One he immediately threw in a group of Germans, and the second held tightly in his hand until he was surrounded. Then he blew it up, taking German soldiers with him to the next world.

Ukrainian SSR

Partisans during the Great Patriotic War on the territory of the Ukrainian SSR merged into 53 formations, 2145 detachments and 1807 groups, totaling about 220 thousand people.

Among the main command of the partisan movement in Ukraine can be identified KI Pogorelov, MI Karnaukhov, SA Kovpak, SV Rudnev, AF Fedorov and others.

Sidor Artemievich Kovpak, on the orders of Stalin, was engaged in propaganda in the Right-Bank Ukraine, which was practically not active. It was for the Carpathian raid that he was awarded one of the awards.

Mikhail Karnaukhov headed the movement in the Donbass. Subordinates and local residents nicknamed him "bati" for a warm human relationship. Batya was killed by the Germans in 1943. Secretly the inhabitants of the local occupied villages gathered at night to bury the commander and give him due honors.

Heroes-partisans of the Great Patriotic War were later reburied. Karnaukhov rests in Slavyansk, where his remains were transferred in 1944, when the territories were liberated from the German invaders.

During the operation of the detachment of Karnaukhov, 1304 fascists were annihilated (of whom 12 were officers).

The Estonian SSR

Already in July 1941, an order was issued to form a partisan detachment on the territory of Estonia. His command included B. G. Kumm, N. G. Karotamm, J. Kh. Lauristin.

Partisans of the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945 faced an almost insurmountable obstacle in Estonia. A large number of local residents were friendly to the Germans-invaders and even rejoiced at this coincidence.

That is why in this territory the underground organizations and sabotage groups had greater power, which should have been more careful to think through their moves, since betrayals could be expected from anywhere.

The heroes of the Soviet Union were Leen Kulman (shot by the Germans in 1943 as a Soviet intelligence officer) and Vladimir Fedorov.

The Latvian SSR

Until 1942, the activity of partisans in Latvia did not go well. This was due to the fact that the majority of activists and party leaders were killed at the very beginning of the war, people had poor training both physically and materially. Thanks to the denunciations of local residents by the fascists, no underground organization was destroyed. Some heroes-partisans of the Great Patriotic War died nameless, not to betray and not to compromise their comrades.

After 1942, the movement became more active, people began to come into detachments with the desire to help and get free, as the German invaders sent hundreds of Estonians to Germany for the hardest work.

Among the leaders of the Estonian partisan movement was Arthur Sprogis, whose training was held by Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya. He is also mentioned in the book of Hemingway "For Whom the Bell Tolls".

Lithuanian SSR

On the Lithuanian territory, the partisans of the Great Patriotic War of 1941 - 1945 produced hundreds of sabotage, as a result of which almost 10 thousand Germans were killed.

With the total number of guerrillas in 9187 people (only by name), seven are Heroes of the Soviet Union:

1. Yu. Yu. Aleksonis. The underground radio operator, died in an unequal battle, surrounded by the Germans, in 1944.
2. S.P. Apivala. He personally destroyed seven echelons with enemy ammunition.
3. GI Boris. The commander of a special sabotage group, was killed at the hands of the Gestapo, after being taken prisoner in 1944.
4. A. M. Cheponis. Radist, who died in 1944 in a single combat against the division of the Germans. At the same time 20 fascists were killed.
5. M. I. Melnikayte. She was captured and held in torture for a whole week without telling the Nazis a word, but she was able to slap one of the Wehrmacht officers in the face. She was shot in 1943.
6. BV Urbanavichus. He headed a subversive group of partisans.
7. Yu. T. Vitas. Head of the partisan underground of Lithuania. Was captured and shot by the Nazis, after the denunciation of the traitor in 1943.

Heroes-partisans of the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945 fought in Lithuania not only with the fascist invaders, but also with the Lithuanian liberation army, which did not exterminate the Germans, but sought to destroy Soviet and Polish soldiers.

The Moldavian SSR

During the four years of the operation of partisan detachments in the territory of Moldova, about 27,000 fascists and their accomplices were destroyed. On their account is also the extermination of a huge amount of military equipment, ammunition, kilometers of communication lines. Heroes-partisans of the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945 were engaged in the production of leaflets and newsletters in order to maintain the cheerfulness of the spirit among the population and the belief in victory.

Two - Heroes of the Soviet Union - VI Timoshchuk (commander of the First Moldovan Union) and NM Frolov (under his leadership, 14 German echelons were blown up).

Jewish Resistance

On the territory of the USSR there were 70 purely Jewish liberation groups. Their goal was to save the remaining Jewish population.

Unfortunately, Jewish detachments had to face anti-Semitic sentiments even among Soviet partisans. Most of them did not want to give any support to these people and Jewish youths reluctantly took their units to their units.

Most of the Jews were refugees from the ghetto. Among them children often met.

Partisans of the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945 did a great job, rendered invaluable assistance to the Red Army in the liberation of territories and the victory over the German fascists.