Heating systems: views. Heating: scheme, installation, prices

Our country occupies a vast territory. On most of its heating season lasts half a year, and sometimes more time. This feature makes it very serious to approach the issue of providing the most diverse buildings with heat. There is also a constant increase in the cost of fuel used in boilers to heat the coolant. It is intended, in turn, for a heating system, the types of which are different today.

General information

For any person you need a comfortable temperature in the room where he lives. Usually it is in the range of 18 to 22 degrees. Heating systems directly allow to solve this problem. They heat the air around the person, which transfers heat to all objects, as well as walls. Bearing structures of the building give it outside. As a result of such a continuous process, it is necessary to constantly add heat inside the room.

In modern buildings, heating systems, the types of which are different, mainly consist of the following parts:

1. Boiler or any other heat generator. They can work on different types of fuel.
2. Pipelines designed to deliver heat to the consumer. Various heat transfer media are used, which can be water and antifreeze.
3. Heating devices. They are radiators or convectors with a different device.
4. Additional equipment and materials.

The main types of water flow patterns

At present, natural and forced circuits for the heating system are used at different sites. Species differ among themselves in the way the coolant circulates. So, under the natural scheme, it moves through pipelines due to the difference in the density of hot and cold water. The heated coolant has less weight than the cold one. Hot water passing through the boiler is squeezed out by the already cooled liquid. During the design of such a circuit, it is necessary to comply with the required slopes for pipelines having an enlarged diameter, because this helps to reduce the hydraulic resistance.

A circulation pump is always present in the forced system. This is its main difference. Its use makes it possible to create heating in homes by using pipes that have a smaller diameter. The pump increases the efficiency of heat recovery, but it does not help raise the coolant to any height. Due to it, the hydraulic resistance formed in the pipelines is overcome.

Single-pipe heating scheme

In such systems, there is only one pipeline. It connects heating boilers and radiators in rooms that are placed in series with respect to it. At the same time, such a pipeline is feeding and reverse. The heat carrier, passing each radiator successively, gives off some of the heat, while its temperature on the last device will be significantly lower than the original one. To reduce this feature, the systems use a bypass (bypass). It allows part of the coolant to not enter the radiator. If the building was designed by illiterate specialists, then residents on the ground floors feel a lack of heat. At the same time, people at the upper levels of the house are exposed to elevated temperatures. In the design of single-pipe systems, material is significantly saved. This is their main advantage.

Two-pipe heating scheme

The main characteristic of such a system is the presence of a supply and return pipeline. If a two-pipe heating scheme is created at the facility, the heating radiators, whose prices today depend largely on the material of the fabrication, are connected in parallel. The heat carrier is heated in the boiler and flows to each device through the supply line, so that it returns to the heat generator, another pipe is used. During the application of such a heating circuit, all the connected radiators are warmed up evenly, but more material is needed to create the system.

Heating circuitry

In such a system, a separate supply and return pipeline is supplied to each radiator. Before the boiler they are grouped with the help of collectors. Due to this, it is possible to lay entire pipes in which there will be no connections. This scheme is relevant during the hidden wiring of utilities. Thanks to the creation of such a heating system, the types of which differ in the way of connection of radiators, its appearance is more attractive. It is also possible to monitor heating devices from a single switch cabinet. With this design, a large pipe consumption is required, and it is also not possible to create a system that will have a natural circulation of water. In addition, it must be equipped with additional devices to improve safety.

Popular types of private house heating system

Owners of suburban real estate are given the opportunity to create an autonomous scheme for supplying the heat of their building. Due to it, the house will maintain a comfortable temperature for each room separately. A person may not wait until the official heating season starts or ends, as individual boilers for heating are installed in private buildings. Their choice depends primarily on the area of the house and the type of fuel. Its specific type may not always be available. Today, the most common types of heating systems, depending on the fuel used, are:

1. Gas.
2. Electrical.
3. Diesel.
4. Solid fuel.

Calculation of required boiler output

Today, various heat generators are on the market. In some situations, wall heating boilers are great, in other cases installation of floor units is required. To properly choose a heat generator for installation in a private house, you need to know its power. Usually such information becomes available after making accurate calculations by specialists, but it is generally accepted that 1 kilowatt of boiler energy is required to heat an area of 10 squares. To this value should be added about 25%, which will be required for hot water supply. The final figure is obtained after adding an additional 20% needed for the power reserve of the heat generator. The material for making boilers can be cast iron or steel. They differ among themselves in price and weight. The most affordable for villas and other private homes are wall-mounted heating boilers, which work from both electricity and gas.

Autonomous gas heating

Of course, this type of heating is by far the most reliable and convenient option. In addition, gas is an economical energy resource, and such a factor is very important for the majority of the population of the country. Its advantage over other fuels is that it is environmentally friendly and always of high quality. Gas heating has high efficiency, especially during use in holiday homes. Equipment for such systems can function for a long time without failures, and it is easy to operate. Gas can be used not only in summer, but also in winter. Therefore this type of fuel is very convenient for people.

Gas to the boilers can be delivered by pipelines and in cylinders. In the latter version, special cars are used, which have good cross-country ability and are maneuverable. Currently there are no problems with its delivery. Storage of liquefied hydrocarbons occurs in gasholders. To reduce the pressure to the working pressure, a reducer is used in such systems. Natural gas, for which it is necessary to build special pipelines, is not now available to all residents of the country.

Electricity as a fuel for the boiler

If there is no gas supply in a certain area or even on a particular street, in this situation, many owners of private houses have to decide whether to install heat generators for solid fuel or electric boilers for heating. Sometimes it is troublesome and costly to install the first option, whereas in the second case the cost will be low. In addition, such boilers do not have a source of open flame. Also, they do not need to perform the installation of the chimney, since there are no combustion products. Thanks to this, less money is spent on installation, and labor costs are reduced. Heat generators of this type during operation are almost noiseless and very easily controlled. At many modern aggregates the efficiency reaches 98%. In the heat exchanger they have the main working element, which is the heater. Also electric boilers for heating are equipped with modern power controllers and temperature sensors. Such elements greatly simplify their operation.

One of the modern ways of heating rooms

During the installation of the warm floor, the pipes are located in a concrete screed, but they can also be placed in the wall under the top layer of the finishing material. In such a situation, wall heating is obtained, which is a separate type of space heating. In this variant, heat energy of about 85% is transmitted by the radiation method, which provides comfort for people, since the air temperature will be lower. There is also no movement of dust. Pipelines of this type of heating are located in loops, in which a significant temperature difference is possible at the inlet and outlet. This value reaches 15 degrees. As a result, better heat transfer is ensured. In such a system, it is possible to use a circulating pump having a lower productivity. Pipes in the wall are stacked with almost any step. This becomes acceptable due to the lack of limiting conditions for the perception of comfort from the heating surface. Most often, heating in the walls is arranged together with a warm floor or when the latter is not enough to compensate for all losses in the room.

Modern radiators for premises

Batteries for any heating system are an integral part of it. Not so long ago, in almost all buildings cast iron radiators were used. Today, everything has changed, the range of devices has significantly expanded. Most manufacturers produce batteries that are adapted to the climate, where they will be used. At present, aluminum, copper, cast iron, steel, bimetallic heating radiators are produced, the prices of which are formed depending on the material used for their production, and also on the size. In order to properly choose a battery for any room, you need to know the area for supplying heat. Especially popular now are aluminum radiators. They have very good heat dissipation and affordable cost for most consumers. In addition, batteries of this type perfectly resist the corrosive processes.

Arteries of heating systems

Currently, there is a wide range of pipelines. They are made of a variety of materials. Previously, all heating systems used steel or cast-iron pipes. Currently, polypropylene products are popular. Such material has a low thermal conductivity, resistance to various chemicals, environmental safety, good flexibility, ease during installation work. Due to such qualities created polypropylene heating will last a long time on any objects. It will not be necessary to repair it for a long time.

Installation

In many respects the cost of heating is affected by the complexity of installing systems. Regardless of this, installation should be carried out only by professionals, because this is primarily related to the safety of people. Electrical, gas or diesel equipment must always be installed correctly. If this requirement is not met, irreversible consequences may occur during operation. Even during the installation of conventional radiators, it is necessary to approach these processes responsibly, especially when the work is carried out in multi-storey buildings. In the event of a heat carrier leak, it is often necessary to pay damages to the injured party, which is located a floor below.