General Syrt: elevation height. Where is the elevation of General Syrt?

The common Syrt is a plain with plateau-like elevations, spread out in the expanses of Russia and Kazakhstan. The watershed of many rivers. Here are the sources of dozens of rivers. The beginning of the hill is Kuyan-tau - a mountain range stretching from the headwaters of Kama to the left-bank tributary of the Belaya River.

origin of name

The word "syrt" is found in two languages - Turkic and Tatar. In Turkic it means "hill, hill". In the Tatar language of meanings, he has much more. Using this term, we mean a ridge, ridge, watershed, water inlet, water and a hilly rise separating the river's sleeves.

The first word in the toponym "General Syrt" has two versions of origin. According to EA Eversmann, the word "general" appeared in the name, because the highland divided two water basins. EM Murzaev is convinced that the term "general" was added to the name Syrt because of the peculiarities of using land in this area.

For a long time people did not inhabit the territory of the hill. Russian and Kazakh peasants used it to graze livestock. In fact, the lands of the elevated plain were common to Kazakhs and Russians. Hence the name of the toponym - the elevation of the Common Syrt.

Geographical position of the highlands

The rugged plain stretches along the Orenburg, Saratov and Samara regions. It covered the lands of Kazakhstan and lies south of the Bugulma-Belebey Upland. In the east, the hilly plain borders on the Lowland Zavolzhie, where the outline Bezenchuk-Khvorostyanka passes. From here, its expanses stretch eastward by about 500 kilometers. They capture the interfluve of the Small and the Great Irgiz.

In the north, the borders of the hilly plain rest against the Samara River. In Orenburg, it rises to the northern latitudes of the region and flows into the waters of the Small Kinel. In the east of the region its territory approaches the foothills of the mountain ranges of the Southern Urals. From gray-haired Riphean the hill is separated by spurs. Where the General Syrt is located, the surface is cut by the Volga, as a result of which the system of ridges plays the role of a watershed located between the basins of two rivers - the Volga and the Urals.

Description of the western part of the hill

The syrt is divided into three parts - northern, eastern and western. Uvaly, scattered along the eastern side, grow in height. The highest peak (405 meters) is the mountain peak Bear's forehead (otherwise - Arapovaya hill). There is a tendency to an increase in the dissection of the surface.

The syrtas, located in the latitudinal direction, differ in the pronounced asymmetry of the slopes. In the south, they are steep, and in the north, on the contrary, canopies. Watersheds in the central part have a gently sloping surface. On interfluves there are areas with Shihans - dome-shaped remnants.

Features of Syrt from the north

The northern part of Syrt was "squeezed" between each other by Kinel and Samara. On this terrain the crest looks like a system of narrow interfluves with unequal slopes. Heights of stone ridges range from 220-300 meters. The highest point is the steep mountain. Its height reached a mark of 333 meters. Sopka is located in the interfluve, formed by such tributaries as Small Kinel and Borovka.

The western part of the hill

In the west, the chain of flat-ridged heights is called Blue Syrt. It, having begun in the south-west, stretches to the north-east along the lines delineating the Samara and Orenburg regions. Low hills form a watershed for Samara and Chagan. The maximum height (273 meters) here at Grishkina Mountain.

The prevailing height of the Common Syrt is 190-240 meters. Therefore, the hill does not have a true mountain character. Its highest point is the Kuyan-tau mountain peak. Its height does not exceed 619 meters. From the side, the hill is just like a small plateau-like elevation.

Relief

The common Syrt has a relief of the strata-longline structure with the remains. In the south, the elevation gradually decreased and became more smooth. As a result, the right-bank terraces of the Ural River blended smoothly with it. On the terrain there is a latitudinal arrangement of tectonic structures and stretched out in a line of stone shafts that formed moduli of interfluves, cascading down to the south, to where the Caspian depression lies.

Mesopotamia, built in this way, emphasize the sharp asymmetry of river valleys. Deep valleys with a wide orientation, in turn, break the highlands into multiple asymmetrical ravines, which have a peculiar morphology.

The southern slopes are steep, they seem to be chopped off. The northern slopes are shallow, long, stretched for many kilometers. Their foothills imperceptibly merge with the floodplain terraces formed on the left bank of the river basins.

Geological structure

Elevation The total Syrt was formed on clayey shales, marls, sandstones, limestones, mudstones, Cretaceous sediments and siltstones. The heterogeneity of the deposits forming the relief affected the nature of the erosional dissections.

Northern sections with clay-marl zones have smooth outlines. Places with densely folded sandstones are characterized by strongly cut reliefs. The surface covering the limestones is dissected by narrowed ravines and comb-like watersheds.

In the south, the General Syrt is composed of flattened, ostent-stepped interfluves. Here the hill is complicated by salt-dome tectonics. The terrain is distinguished by a developed deep salt and limestone karst, which led to the formation of failure nisin, extensive flat-bottomed valleys in different parts of the hill.

In the areas of elevated watersheds, there are remnants of stone blocks composed of perforated quartzites, quartzite sandstones and conglomerates. Aeolian processes are formed on the elevated plain.