Gabarit - what is it? Dimensions of the object, structure, equipment. Oversized cargo

Often, by rail or on a road train, goods are transported, the dimensions of which go beyond the standard framework. They are called oversized, require special marking, fixing and stowage during loading. Size - what is it and what is it for? There are several basic types of dimensions that serve to calculate the type of a particular cargo or equipment, and also allow you to take into account the routes on problematic areas.

Railway dimensions

Given that the trains travel in a strictly fixed direction and can not collapse to circumnavigate an unexpected obstacle, there are certain dimensions related to structures, cargo and rolling stock, which have clear and fixed dimensions.

Perpendicular to the axis of the track, the outline in which the railroad train standing on the straight track should be placed, without leaving the parts beyond this contour, regardless of congestion, is called the overall size of the rolling stock. These dimensions refer to wagons and platforms that operate on all types of general purpose railroads in Russia and can only be operated on lines where devices and buildings meet the requirements of the building envelope.

Approximation of buildings

Gabarit - what is in relation to the approach of buildings to the railway? The maximum transverse contour, inside which, except for trains and other rolling stock, other elements of devices and structures should not enter - this is the envelope of approaching buildings.

Excluded from this list are only parts directly related to the railroad train (ensuring its operation). These include:

• Urban decelerators for wagons.
• Contact network.
• Stetus and communication devices.

Placement of these devices inside the space should be coordinated by elements interacting directly with them. Gosstandart provides two types of dimensions approaching buildings: "C" and "C".

Cargoes and equipment (dimensions)

Dimensions and dimensions of goods are regulated by the loading size. It is the maximum transverse contour in which the cargo is to be placed, without exiting any parts beyond the established norms. This indicator is close to the analogous indicator of the rolling stock, but has large tolerances in width by 15 cm (340 instead of 325).

Products and goods that can not be placed in accordance with the size of the loading can not be attributed to oversized elements. Their transportation is carried out in the manner prescribed by the management of Russian Railways. To monitor the correct placement of transported objects at mass loading points (on access roads, in ports, at reloading points), gates are installed that control the freedom of passage of a loaded transport vehicle.

Dimensions of containers

To ensure the safety, efficiency and maximum productivity of work during loading and unloading and transport operations, all containers have certain fixed sizes, depending on the type. Below are the dimensions of the containers that are most often used for the transport of goods.

Standard twenty-foot modification:

• External length / height / width - 6096/2591/2370 (mm).
• Similar internal indicators are 5935/2383/2335 (mm).
• The maximum weight (with tare) is 24 tons.
• The maximum load is 21.92 tons.
• The volume is 33.9 cubic meters. M.

Forty-foot refrigerator-container:

• External length / height / width - 12192/2591/2438 (mm).
• Similar internal dimensions - 11555/2280/2286 (mm).
• Gross weight (maximum) is 30.48 tons.
• Tara (weight) - 4.37 tons.
• The maximum load is 26.11 tons.

Requirements and dimensions for oversized cargoes

Oversized cargo is a transported product, the size of which exceeds the limits set by the relevant points of the rules of transportation, as well as the technical characteristics of the vehicle (TC). Such goods are not intended for transport on conventional trucks or wagons.

As the rules of the road say, the oversized cargo must be transported by transport, the overall dimensions of which are as follows:

• The width (mm) is 2500.
• On the length (mm) - 20 000.
• The height of the road - 4000 m.

If the dimensions, the cargo is more than four meters in width, it must be transported under supervision and accompanied by the State Automobile Inspectorate.

The limitations of the TC functional in terms of capacity:

• The height is 2500 mm.
• The length is 13 600 mm.
• The width is 2500 mm.

In case of excess of at least one indicator, the products are classified as oversized cargo. Dimensions at the same time affect the cost of transportation.

Features

Knowing the concept of "envelope", what is it and what are its features, it is much easier to navigate in the optimal choice of cargo transportation. Transporting goods that are larger than the normative indicators is not always acceptable. You should take into account all the pros and cons.

The merits include the following:

• Guarantees of the carrier on the safety of products and ensuring traffic safety.
• The possibility of using a different type of transport, depending on the characteristics of the goods.
• As a variant, railway rolling stock can be used.

Among the shortcomings there are such aspects:

• The complexity of the installation and stowage of the cargo, the dimensions of which do not provide an opportunity to optimally place it on the transport platform.
• The need to reconcile such shipments with the Federal Service for Road Transport.
• High price.

Ways of transportation

Dimensions of equipment or other goods that exceed the standard dimensions, require an individual approach to their transportation in each case.

If the goods have an excessively large mass, it is appropriate to use platforms with an appropriate load capacity and the maximum possible number of axles that serve to protect against deformation of the roadway and provide weight distribution throughout the cargo plane.

Transportation of oversized cargo can be carried out by special transport (ferries, barges, transshipment vessels, high-capacity truck tractors, special railway rolling stock).

Conclusion

In the transportation of goods it is very important to take into account any dimensions. What is it is itself, was considered above. In short, we can summarize that a standard size is a reference point, exceeding which requires a different approach to the transport of goods, taking into account its width, length, height and weight. The same parameters predominantly affect the choice of the vehicle to be transported. In this case, the vehicle must be equipped with special signs and signs warning of oversized cargo.