Foreign exchange control bodies, concept, forms, types.

Currency control is one of the important functions of public administration, as well as the type of financial control. Its essence consists in the following: subjects who are authorized to do this, use organizational and legal means and methods and, with the help of this, find out how much the activities of the subjects under their control correspond to the tasks assigned to them. In addition, they are engaged in analyzing the results of their impact on managed objects, deviations from different goals and all ways to achieve them. These subjects take various measures to prevent these deviations and bring to justice those who are guilty. Currency control in Russia is carried out by agents and bodies of currency control, and, in addition, the government of the country.

Foreign exchange control bodies are, first of all, the federal executive bodies, they are authorized by the government, and, of course, the Central Bank of the Russian Federation. A currency control agents are banks that are authorized and accountable to the CBR, customs bodies, of course, participants in the securities market, which are not authorized by banks.

Foreign exchange control authorities interact with the Central Bank of the Russian Federation, they also interact with the customs authorities of banks that are authorized as agents of control.

The agents and bodies of currency control have their rights. First of all, they can conduct various checks on compliance of non-residents and residents with acts of foreign exchange regulation and currency legislation. As well as agents and bodies of currency control can conduct all sorts of checks of the reliability and completeness of accounting, as well as reporting on all foreign exchange operations of non-residents and residents. They can first request, and then receive information and documents related to the conduct of various operations, as well as the opening and further management of accounts.

The currency control exercised by its bodies is divided into the control of the Russian Federal Financial Supervision Service and the Bank of Russia. At the same time, the currency control exercised by its agents is subdivided into the control of tax authorities, customs authorities, securities market participants and authorized banks.

Forms of currency control are expressed in specific means and ways of organizing all control actions of subjects within the framework of currency legal relations. Types of currency control are allocated depending on the time when it is committed. The first type is the preliminary control, which is carried out before any currency transactions are performed. In this case, the relevant authorities monitor the legality and expediency of making any decision. The next type of currency control is control, which is carried out in the process of making various foreign exchange transactions by non-residents and residents. The third type is the follow-up control, it is carried out by agents and bodies after non-residents and residents make currency transactions. According to its results, the issuance of instructions by foreign exchange control bodies is carried out, which obliges the participants in currency legal relations to eliminate all violations found as soon as possible. In addition, based on the results of this type of control, authorized banks' clients may be denied access to opening an account or any currency transactions if the established documents were not provided or provided, but unreliable.

Taking into account the specifics of the control powers of various state bodies, such forms of exchange control as mediated and direct control are also singled out. The first control is carried out by the government, and the second - by other agents and bodies of currency control.